反刍动物瘤胃甲烷生成的营养调控研究进展

Research advances on nutritional regulation of rumen methanogenesis in ruminants

反刍动物排放的甲烷是温室气体主要来源之一,在瘤胃发酵过程中2%~12%的日粮总能以甲烷的形式被损失掉。营养调控会影响瘤胃发酵模式和终产物类型。目前,甲烷减排的日粮营养调控策略主要包括调整日粮结构、提高牧草质量、使用瘤胃发酵调节剂、添加植物次生代谢产物和化学抑制剂等。文章综述反刍动物甲烷排放现状、瘤胃甲烷生成机制和甲烷减排策略的最新研究进展,以期为反刍动物甲烷减排的研究提供参考。

Methane emission from the rumen is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas(GHG).2%to 12%of the gross energy consumed is converted to enteric CH4 during rumen fermentation.Nutritional regulation is directly related to the rumen fermentation pattern and types of end products.At present,nutritional manipulation strategies for mitigating CH4 emissions include optimizing diet composition,improving forage quality,using fermentation modifiers,adding plant secondary metabolites and chemical inhibitors.The study reviews the recent research advance in rumen methane emission,the mechanism of rumen methanogenesis and strategies for methane inhibition to provide a reference for exploring methane reduction in ruminants.