家长预防接种收益和风险感知对其为儿童接种非免疫规划疫苗意愿的影响

Impact of parents’perceptions about benefits and risks of vaccination on their willingness to vaccinate children with non-Expanded Program on Immunization vaccines

目的了解家长为儿童接种非免疫规划(Expanded Program on Immunization,EPI)疫苗的意愿,分析接种疫苗收益和风险感知对接种意愿的影响。方法2019年12月至2020年1月选择中国6个省份12个区县34个预防接种门诊0-3岁儿童家长,开展接种疫苗收益和风险感知和非EPI疫苗接种意愿问卷调查。采用Logistic回归模型分析儿童家长接种疫苗收益和风险感知对接种意愿的影响。结果本研究纳入儿童家长3030名,其中感知到接种疫苗收益、风险的家长分别占88.38%、60.51%,71.16%的家长愿意为儿童接种非EPI疫苗。Logistic回归分析显示,与未感知接种疫苗收益和风险的儿童家长相比,同时感知收益和风险、仅感知收益、仅感知风险的儿童家长的接种意愿高[OR(95%CI):7.03(5.05-9.77)、5.49(3.91-7.71)、2.02(1.30-3.16)]。结论家长对儿童接种非EPI疫苗普遍持接受态度,接种疫苗收益和风险感知影响接种意愿;应加强儿童家长的非EPI疫苗预防接种知识宣传。

Objective To explore parents’willingness to vaccinate children with non-Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI)vaccines and the impact of their perceptions about benefits and risks of vaccination on parental willingness.Methods We selected parents of 0-3-year-old children from 34 vaccination clinics of 12 districts/counties in 6 provinces of China from December 2019 to January 2020 and conducted a questionnaire-based survey of perceptions about benefits and risks of vaccination and willingness to vaccinate children with non-EPI vaccines.We used logistic regression models to determine the impact of perceptions on willingness.Results Of 3030 parents in the study,71.16%were willing to vaccinate their children with non-EPI vaccines;88.38%perceived non-EPI vaccine benefits and 60.51%perceived non-EPI vaccine risks.Logistic regression analysis showed that parents who perceived both benefits and risks,only benefits,and only risks of vaccination were more willing to vaccinate their children[OR(95%CI):7.03(5.05-9.77);5.49(3.91-7.71);2.02(1.30-3.16)]compared to parents who perceived neither benefits nor risks of vaccination.Conclusions Parents were generally willing to vaccinate their children with non-EPI vaccines;perceptions about benefits and risks of vaccination affected willingness.We should strengthen health education on non-EPI vaccination for parents.