新型纳滤膜在水处理与水回用中的研究进展

RECENT PROGRESS OF NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANE IN WATER TREATMENT AND WATER REUSE

近年来,纳滤膜(NF)以其较高水渗透性能、良好水/盐选择性和相较于反渗透膜(RO)低工作压力等优势被广泛应用于水处理和水回用中。然而传统的商品NF的分离性能具有局限性,例如对人体有益的矿物质去除率过高、对污染物去除率偏低,而且渗透性能-选择性能的制衡等问题严重制约了NF的发展及潜在的应用。详细介绍了NF膜在水处理和水回用中的应用及NF结构优化和改性的最新进展;回顾了通过对NF膜除盐层的孔隙率、亲水性、表面官能团及表面带电性等改性方式来提高NF的渗透性、选择性、抗污染、抗菌和耐氯能力等取得的研究成果;最后展望了新型NF膜在水处理和水回用领域的发展。

In recent years,nanofiltration(NF)membranes have been extensively applied in water treatment and water reuse,such as drinking water treatment,seawater pretreatment,brackish water treatment and industrial water treatment,because of their relatively higher water permeance,selectivity and lower operation pressure.However,conventional commercial NF membranes have high rejection of minerals that are beneficial for human body at certain concentration and low rejection against harmful contaminants.In addition,the separation performance of conventional NF membrane is constrained by permeability-selectivity trade-off,known as the upper bound.This paper systematically summarizes the recent progress of nanofiltration based on its structural optimization and various modifications.Furthermore,it highlights the recent progress for modifying NF membranes focusing on optimizing porosity,hydrophilicity,surface functionalization,as well as manupulating membrane charge to improve membrane permselectivity,anti(bio)fouling and antichlorine properties.The future development trend of novel NF membranes in the context of water/waste water treatment and water reuse is also discussed.