4种Y系中间砧‘长富2号’树体生长的比较研究

Comparative study on the growth of ’Nagafu 2’ apple grafted on four Y-series interstocks

以八棱海棠作基砧,分别以Y-1、Y-2、Y-3、Y-4作中间砧,嫁接‘长富2号’,以八棱海棠作砧木,嫁接‘长富2号’为对照,比较其树高、干径、枝类组成、叶片形态等生长情况。结果表明:4种中间砧‘长富2号’成龄树(2017年)树高为312-435 cm,品种干径为58.96-69.32 mm,基本显著低于对照;4种中间砧‘长富2号’中短枝比率分别为85.2%、87.4%、67.1%、86.4%,除Y-3外,均显著高于对照;4种中间砧‘长富2号’新梢长度为27.6-76.1 cm,均显著低于对照;4种中间砧‘长富2号’叶片厚度、气孔密度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比均显著高于对照;4种中间砧‘长富2号’叶绿素a+b含量为6.30-6.83 mg/g,除Y-3外,均显著高于对照。综合评价,4种中间砧的致矮能力由大到小顺序为Y-2>Y-1、Y-4>Y-3,其中,Y-2为矮化砧,Y-1和Y-4为半矮化砧,Y-3为半乔化砧。

With Malus robusta as rootstock, four kinds of Y-series interstocks(Y-1, Y-2, Y-3, Y-4) were grafted with ’Nagafu 2’ as materials, Malus robusta was grafted with ’Nagafu 2’ as a control, compare their growth conditions such as tree height, trunk diameter, branch composition, leaf morphology, et al. The results showed that, 4 interstocks grafted with ’Nagafu 2’(2017) with a height of 312~435 cm and a stem diameter of 58.96~69.32 mm, which were significantly lower than the control. The proportions of medium and short branches of ’Nagafu 2’ were 85.2%, 87.4%, 67.1% and 86.4%, which were significantly higher than the control, except Y-3. The lengths of new shoots of ’Nagafu 2’ were 27.6~76.1 cm, which were significantly lower than the control. The leaf thickness, stomata density, palisade tissue thickness, sponge tissue thickness, and palisade-to-sponge ratio of ’Nagafu 2’ were significantly higher than the control. The total chlorophyll content of ’Nagafu 2’ were 6.30~6.83 mg/g, which were significantly higher than the control, except for Y-3. The order of dwarfing ability of different interstocks was: Y-2>Y-1, Y-4>Y-3, where Y-2 belongs to dwarfing, Y-1 and Y-4 are semi-dwarfing, Y-3 is a semi-vigorous interstock.