光纤分布式声波传感器原理与应用

Principles and Applications of Optical Fiber Distributed Acoustic Sensors

基于光纤的分布式声波传感器(DAS)是近十余年来发展最快的光纤传感技术之一,它能够以高采样率同时获取光纤链路上多个位置处机械振动的波形,从而获取周围环境的丰富信息,在周界围栏安防、油气资源勘探、地震波形检测等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。将介绍DAS的基本原理,包括3种适合在长距离光纤中定位后向瑞利散射(RBS)信号的反射仪技术和2种利用RBS信号恢复振动波形的方法,介绍DAS系统的两类典型应用,最后讨论DAS技术的发展趋势。

Optical fiber based distributed acoustic sensor(DAS) is one of the most attractive and well developed fiber sensing technologies in the recent decade. It can simultaneously detect and recover the waveforms of multiple mechanical vibrations along the sensing fiber with high sampling rate, providing abundant information of the environment, which has great potential applications in perimeter fence security, oil and gas exploration, seismic waveform detection, and other fields. This paper first reviews the principles involved in DAS system, including three types of reflectometry to locate the Rayleigh backscattering(RBS) along the long distance fiber, and the two methods to recover the vibration waveform using RBS signal. Then two typical applications of DAS system are reviewed, and finally the possible research trends of DAS technology are discussed.