数字孪生研究进展及在铁路智能运维中的应用

Advance in Research on Applications of Digital Twin in Intelligent Railway Operation Management

我国铁路基础设施建设正在从“建设为主”向“建管并用”发展,传统运维技术存在诸多弊端,亟需建立新的智能运维技术体系。数字孪生是实现虚实空间交互的先进技术,该技术突破了传统仿真及试验条件限制,实现以最快速度、最优成本掌握结构的实际运行状态。数字孪生能够将物联网、建筑信息模型、结构健康监测、数值仿真与人工智能等先进技术通过虚实数据交互,形成对物理实体有效地监控、模拟、预测、诊断与决策。针对数字孪生的发展、基本原理及技术方法进行归纳总结,阐述了数字孪生与建筑信息模型、结构健康监测、人工智能等技术的融合应用,总结了数字孪生在铁路运维场景下的技术方法及研究现状,包括智能检(监)测、数字孪生模型构建方法、结构性能退化模拟及维护策略确定。提出并详细阐述了基于数字孪生的铁路基础设施的智能运维技术框架,指出了当前数字孪生在铁路基础设施智能运维应用中存在的主要问题及解决方案,为铁路基础设施智能运维管理提供新的理论方法。

China’s railway infrastructure construction is developing from“construction-oriented”to“construction and management balanced.”Traditional operation and maintenance methods have many drawbacks,and there is an urgent need to establish an innovative intelligent operation and maintenance system.Digital Twin(DT),a technology of interacting between the real physical system and virtual counterpart,overcomes the limitations of traditional simulations and test conditions,and can offer the accurate assessment for actual operating condition at the fastest speed and optimal cost.digital twin can interact with Internet of Things,Building Information Modelling,Structural Health Monitoring,numerical simulation and artificial intelligence through the integration of real physical system and the associated virtual model in order to realize the real-time monitoring,simulation,prediction,diagnosis and decision-making of the system.This paper reviews critically the research progress,basic principles and technical methods of digital twin,and discusses the applications of Digital Twin integrating with Building Information Modelling,structural health monitoring,artificial intelligence,New Information Technology,etc.Then,the research advances of the applications of digital twin in railway operation and maintenance are summarized,including intelligent inspection(monitoring)testing,digital twin virtual modeling,performance degradation modeling,and optimized maintenance strategy determination.Finally,this paper presents the framework for intelligent operation and maintenance of railway infrastructure by using digital twin technology,and discusses the main problems and solutions of its applications in railway maintenance.From the critical review,the digital twin technology can provide a methodology for intelligent railway operation and maintenance management.