论症候阅读法中问题框架的形成与场所变换--基于哲学认知主义自我关联的考察

On the Formation of the Problematic and the Change of Terrain in Symptomatic Reading:A Study of Self-relevance Based on Philosophical Cognitivism

人的意识是如何产生的,意识又是如何认识我们这个世界的,这是当今认知主义和人工智能探讨的核心问题。哲学认知主义通过人工智能的哲学反思得出了“心智是神经元”的命题,这是一个黑格尔意义上的无限判断,它阐明了意识是一种涉及过去与现在的关系性现象,只有在过去与现在以及现在与其自身关联短路的情况下意识才得以产生。当今哲学家齐泽克从精神分析视差的视野出发,通过对认知主义的“心智是神经元”命题的分析,阐明了其中所蕴含的黑格尔辩证法的意蕴,并在此基础上重新阐释了阿尔都塞的症候阅读法。齐泽克认为,意识的产生和主体对世界的认知与阿尔都塞式理论问题框架的形成及其场所变换过程极其相似:场所变换发生于新问题产生的瞬间,在这个过程里,理论问题框架的外在结构虽然不发生变化,但其内部却创造了一个全新的视野。因此,阿尔都塞的解读虽然未必完全正确,但其症候阅读法阐明了马克思的《资本论》的新问题框架:在古典政治经济学的忽视或疏忽之处,马克思偶然使自己置身于新的场所,从而形成了新的问题框架,并为人类未来指出了历史唯物主义的新视野。

How does human consciousness come into being and how does consciousness understand our world?This is the core issue of today's cognitivism and artificial intelligence.Philosophical cognitivism obtains the proposition that“mind is a neuron”through a philosophical reflection of artificial intelligence,which is an infinite judgment in the sense of Hegel.It clarifies that consciousness is a relational phenomenon involving the past and the present.Only when the past and the present are short circuited with themselves can consciousness come into being.Today's philosopher i ek,from the perspective of psychoanalytic parallax and through the analysis of the proposition that“mind is a neuron”of cognitivism,expounds the implications of Hegelian dialectics contained in it,and on this basis,reinterprets Althusser's symptomatic reading method.i ek believes that the emergence of consciousness and the subject's cognition of the world are very similar to the formation of Althusser's problematics and the process of the change of terrain:the change of terrain occurs at the moment when new problems arise.In this process,although the external structure of the theoretical problem does not change,it creates a new vision inside.Therefore,Althusser's interpretation may not be completely correct,but his symptomatic reading clarifies the new problematic of Marx's Capital in the neglect or negligence of classical political economy.Marx accidentally placed himself in a new terrain,thus forming a new problematic and pointing out a new vision of historical materialism for the future of mankind.