依恋取向的亲子沙盘游戏治疗个案研究:以一例活跃退缩幼儿为例

Analysis of Attachment-focused Parent-Child Sandplay Therapy:A Case Study of an Active Withdrawl Child

目的:探讨依恋取向的亲子沙盘游戏治疗成功干预一例6岁活跃退缩幼儿的关键因素。方法:从依恋理论与荣格分析心理学理论视角,对个案的12次个体沙盘游戏作品和13次亲子沙盘游戏作品进行分析。结果:①个体沙盘游戏治疗阶段,在咨询师创设的自由受保护空间里幼儿"原初自性"得以激活;②亲子沙盘游戏治疗阶段,咨询师通过与母亲探讨亲子教养困难、建立合作同盟,以及处理母亲个人依恋议题、提升母亲恰如其分的关注和养育的敏感性、修复和转化幼儿的不安全依恋关系,从而整合幼儿自性,激活"家庭原型"。结论:以亲子为介入对象,以修复不安全依恋关系为干预目标,通过个体沙盘游戏和亲子沙盘游戏使前语言期的依恋创伤象征性表达和呈现,以正向的依恋序列提升母亲的敏感性达到修复和重建不安全亲子依恋关系,是治愈活跃退缩幼儿的关键因素。

Objective: To explore the key factors of Attachment-focused Parent-Child Sandplay Therapy intervention on a 6-year-old child with active withdrawal. Methods: From the perspective of attachment theory and Jung’s analytical psychology, this paper analyzed 12 sessions of individual sandplay works and 13 sessions of parent-child sandplay works.Results: In the treatment stage of individual sandplay work, the"primary self"was activated in the free and protected space created by the counselor. In the treatment stage of parent-child sandplay, counselors integrated children’s self-nature and activate"family prototype"by discussing parent-child parenting difficulties with mothers, establishing cooperative alliances, dealing with mothers’ personal attachment issues, enhancing mothers’ proper attention and nurturing sensitivity,repairing and transforming children’s insecure attachment relationships. Conclusion: From the perspective of parentchild relationship, the purpose of intervention is to repair insecure attachment relationships. Through individual sand table games and parent-child sand table games, the attachment trauma in the prelinguistic stage can be symbolically expressed and presented. The counselor improves the sensitivity of the mother through positive attachment sequences and rebuilds the insecure parent-child attachment relationship. It is the key factors to cure active withdrawal children.