薏苡仁中无机元素营养指数分析及重金属污染评价

Inorganic elements nutrition index analysis and heavy metal pollution evaluation of Yiyiren

目的:研究20批不同产地薏苡仁中12种无机元素的含量,并对其进行无机元素营养评价和重金属污染评价。方法:采用微波消解法对薏苡仁样品进行处理,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry,ICP-AES)测定As、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、Co、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Se、Zn元素的含量,遵循营养质量指数法(index of nutritional quality,INQ)评价标准对薏苡仁中7种人体必需微量元素进行营养评价,并使用内梅罗指数法(nemerow’s pollution index,NPI)对薏苡仁中6种重金属元素进行污染等级评价。结果:薏苡仁中12种无机元素平均含量按上述顺序分别为0.0153、0.0021、0.0032、0.0644、0.3416、0.1429、0.4824、0.3966、0.1990、0.1080、0.9196、1.127mg·kg-1。由INQ方法得到Cr、Co、Se的INQ值均大于1,Fe、Mn、Zn的INQ值小于1。20批薏苡仁中6种重金属的含量均符合2020年版《中国药典》及最新食品安全限量标准。结论:薏苡仁金属元素种类丰富,以辽宁、福建产薏苡仁的元素总量为最高,通过INQ分析薏苡仁中Cr、Co、Se的INQ值均大于1,表明薏苡仁在该3种微量元素上有较高的营养价值。薏苡仁种6种重金属元素的污染较轻微,平均单项污染指数顺序为Cr>Pb>Hg>Cd>As>Cu,内梅罗综合污染程度均为安全。本研究可为薏苡仁营养价值、安全评价和综合开发利用提供科学依据。

Objective:To investigate the content of 12 inorganic elements in 20 batches of Yiyiren from different areas and evaluate the inorganic element nutrition and heavy metal pollution.Method:The samples of Yiyiren were digested by microwave,and the contents of As,Hg,Cd,Pb,Cr,Co,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Se and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES).The nutrition of 7 essential trace elements in Yiyiren were evaluated according to index of nutritional quality(INQ)evaluation standard,and the pollution level of 6 heavy metal elements in Yiyiren were evaluated by nemerow’s pollution index(Nemerow index).Result:The average contents of 12 inorganic elements in Yiyiren were 0.0153,0.0021,0.0032,0.0644,0.3416,0.1429,0.4824,0.3966,0.1990,0.1080,0.9196 and 1.1265 mg·kg-1 respectively.The INQ values of Cr,Co and Se were greater than 1,while the INQ values of Fe,Mn and Zn were less than 1.The contents of six heavy metals in 20 batches of Yiyiren were in accordance with Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition)and the latest food safety limit standards.Conclusion:There are many kinds of metal elements in Yiyiren,and the total amount of elements in Yiyiren from Liaoning and Fujian are highest.The INQ values of Cr,CO and Se in Yiyiren are greater than 1,which indicates that Yiyiren has high nutritional value in the three trace elements.The results shows that the pollution of six heavy metals in Yiyiren is slight,and the average single pollution index is CR>Pb>Hg>CD>as>Cu,and the comprehensive pollution degree of nemerol is safe.This study can provide a basis for the nutritional value,safety evaluation and comprehensive development and utilization of Yiyiren.