水凝胶负载干细胞来源的外泌体用于皮肤伤口修复

Exosomes from Stem Cells Loaded by Hydrogel in Skin Wound Repair

皮肤伤口愈合是临床医学中的难题之一。长期的伤口不愈给患者带来较大的影响,造成巨大的社会经济负担。水凝胶因具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性及可塑性等特点,并具有止血、抗菌和保水的优良性能,被广泛用作皮肤损伤修复敷料。干细胞被认为是组织工程中最具潜力的种子细胞,具有强大的再生修复能力。而干细胞来源的外泌体含有干细胞特有的内含物和膜成分,具有与干细胞相似的修复功能,同时可以避免干细胞治疗可能造成的畸胎瘤、移植物免疫排斥等生物相容性问题,成为无细胞修复的研究热点。然而,外泌体在治疗过程中会面临着清除率高、半衰期较短和规模化制备难度大等问题,限制了外泌体的治疗效果。水凝胶负载干细胞外泌体既可避免外泌体被快速清除,又可同时发挥外泌体和水凝胶促进伤口修复的作用,充分发挥治疗效果,协同促进皮肤修复,在伤口修复研究方面具有潜在的应用价值。本文对外泌体的产生和特点、常用的水凝胶材料、不同来源的干细胞外泌体、外泌体常用提取和鉴定方法、干细胞外泌体在伤口修复的相关作用机制、水凝胶对外泌体的保护和缓释作用,以及水凝胶和外泌体的协同作用进行现阶段研究成果的综述,为今后皮肤修复领域的研究提供参考。

Skin wound healing is one of the difficult problems in clinical medicine.The long-term wound healing has a great impact on patients and causes huge social and economic burden.Hydrogels have good biocompatibility,biodegradability and plasticity,and have excellent properties of hemostasis,antibacterial and water retention.They are widely used as skin wound dressing.The exosomes derived from stem cells contain the unique contents and membrane components of stem cells.These exosomes have the similar repair function as stem cells,and avoid the safety problems of teratoma and graft immune rejection caused by stem cell therapy,and therefore has become the research hotspot of cell-free repair.However,exosomes in the treatment process will face high clearance rate,short half-life and difficulty in large-scale preparation,which limits the therapeutic effect of exosomes.Hydrogel loaded stem cell exosomes can not only prevent exosome from being rapidly removed,but also play the role of exosome and hydrogel in promoting wound healing,skin repair synergy,and thereafter has potential application value in wound repair research.In this paper,production and characteristics of exosomes,commonly used hydrogel materials,stem cell exosomes from different sources,exosomes extraction and identification methods have been summarized.Furthermore,stem cell exosomes related mechanisms of wound repair,protective and sustained release effects of hydrogel on exosomes,and synergistic effects of hydrogel and exosome are also reviewed.This paper provides a reference for the future research in the field of skin repair.