面向新能源浮标的平面摆式波浪能收集装置研究

Study on Water Wave Energy Harvester for Clean Energy Buoys

波浪能是世界上分布最广泛的可再生能源之一。海洋环境中波浪运动随机复杂且频率极低,这为海洋波浪能的高效收集利用提出挑战。设计了一种混沌平面摆式波浪能收集装置,其中混沌平面摆作为超低频随机波浪俘能机构,配合齿轮增速传递机构与电磁旋转机构实现波浪能收集装置的高功率输出。为更好响应浮标在海洋中的运动激励,对俘能机构进行动力学分析建模与优化。针对装置输出电压无规律且低频交流的特性,设计功率采样跟踪升压存储的电源管理电路。通过实验室测试与实际近海测试,装置能够对复杂波浪产生最大10 V的开路电压,最大输出功率约205 mW。海试中,4小时可将200 mAh锂电池电压由3.12 V充电至3.6 V,能够作为新能源海洋浮标低功耗传感器的可持续电源。

Wave energy is one of the most widely distributed renewable energy sources in the world. The complex wave motion and extremely low frequency in the marine environment pose a challenge for the efficient use of ocean wave energy. A chaotic pendulum wave energy harvester is designed, in which the chaotic plane pendulum is used as an ultra-low frequency random wave energy capture mechanism, combined with a gear speed-increasing transmission mechanism and an electromagnetic rotating mechanism to achieve high power output of the wave energy harvester. In order to better respond to the motion excitation of the buoy in the ocean, dynamic analysis and modeling optimization of the energy capture mechanism are carried out. Besides, a power management circuit is designed for dealing with the irregular and low frequency output voltage of the device. Through the laboratory test and the marine test, the device can generate a maximum open circuit voltage of 10 V in complex waves, and the maximum output power is about 205 mW. In the marine test, the 200 mAh lithium battery can be charged from 3.12 V to 3.6 V in 4 hours, which can be used as a sustainable power source for the clean energy marine buoy low-power sensor.