赤芍的化学成分和药理作用研究概况

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra:A Review

赤芍为临床常用中药,且多为野生品,在我国不同地区广泛分布,此外,赤芍植株还具有观赏价值。现代植物化学分离研究表明,赤芍化学成分复杂,目前已发现的化学成分有300多种,主要包括单萜糖苷类、三萜类、黄酮类、鞣质类、酚酸类、糖类、甾体类和挥发油等。其中,单萜糖苷类成分含量最高,挥发性成分种类最多。赤芍药理作用广泛,在血液、心血管、神经、消化等多系统中发挥不同的疗效,具有保护心肌细胞和神经细胞、稳定微循环、抗内毒素、抗动脉粥样硬化、降低肺动脉高压、抗抑郁、保肝、抗胃溃疡、抗肿瘤、减缓衰老、治疗帕金森综合征和糖尿病及其并发症、抗辐射、抗炎、抗病毒等广泛的药理作用。通过对赤芍化学成分和药理作用相关文献梳理后发现,赤芍总苷及单体成分芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、苯甲酰芍药苷和没食子酸等可能是其发挥各种药理作用的主要活性成分;目前关于赤芍的研究主要集中在单萜糖苷类化合物,对黄酮类和挥发油等其他成分研究较少,建议后续应加强这两类成分的研究。

Paeoniae Radix Rubra is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice,it is mostly wild and widely distributed in different areas of China. In addition,the plant of Paeoniae Radix Rubra also has ornamental value. Modern phytochemical researches showed that the chemical constituents of Paeoniae Radix Rubra were complex. Up to now,more than 300 chemical constituents have been found,mainly including monoterpene glycosides,triterpenoids,flavonoids,tannins,phenolic acids,saccharides,steroids,volatile oils and so on. Among them,the content of monoterpene glycosides was the highest,and the types of volatile oil were the most. Paeoniae Radix Rubra has a wide range of pharmacological effects,exerting different curative effects in multiple systems such as blood,cardiovascular,nervous and digestive system. It can protect myocardial cells and nerve cells, stabilize microcirculation, anti-endotoxin, anti-atherosclerosis, reduce pulmonary hypertension,anti-depression,protect liver,anti-gastric ulcer,anti-tumor,slow down aging,treat Parkinson’s syndrome and diabetes and its complications,anti-radiation,anti-inflammatory,anti-virus and so on. Through reviewing the literature on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Paeoniae Radix Rubra,it was found that total glycosides and monomers such as paeoniflorin,albiflorin,benzoylpaeoniflorin and gallic acid may be the main active components of Paeoniae Radix Rubra. At present,the research on Paeoniae Radix Rubra mainly focused on monoterpene glycosides,while the research on flavonoids and volatile oil in Paeoniae Radix Rubra was less. It is suggested that research on these two components should be strengthened in the future.