纳米孔/通道离子分离的研究进展

Research Progress of the Ion Separation of Nanopores/Channels

生物离子通道通过脂质膜运送特定的离子,同时排斥其他类似的金属离子。但是制备具有选择性运输离子的人工固态纳米通道仍然是一大难题。经过长期的研究,科学家为了克服这一难题,合成制备了各种复合的纳米孔/通道,这些孔/通道可利用材料的小尺寸特性,或者在大尺寸的孔/通道上修改不同的功能材料实现离子筛分。这些工作在离子选择性纳米孔的结构-性能关系上进行研究,为以后的离子分离的研究提供了探究基础。主要介绍了利用复合的纳米孔/通道进行离子筛分的研究进展。

Biological ion channels transport specific ions through lipid membranes while repelling similar metal ions. But selectively transporting ions in artificial solid-state nanopores/channels is still a challenge. In order to overcome this problem, scientists have prepared and synthesized a variety of composite nanopores/channels, which can utilize the small-size properties of materials or modify different functional materials on large-size pores/channels to achieve ion sieving. These studies have been carried out on the structure-property relationship of ion-selective nanopores/channels, which provides the basis for future studies on ion separation. In this paper, the research progress of ion sieving using composite nanopores/channels was introduced.