黄河流域“三生”功能协调性测度及其差异性优化调控

Coordinate degree and differential optimizing“production-living-ecological”function in the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域对中国经济社会发展和生态安全具有十分重要的作用,从“三生”功能协调性角度提出国土空间优化与可持续利用的建议,对黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展具有科学指导意义。因此,该研究聚焦黄河流域“三生”功能间的关系,以地理空间数据和社会经济统计数据为支撑,采用GIS空间分析法与力学均衡模型测度黄河流域“三生”功能协调性,识别出“三生”功能失调区域并分类提出优化调控策略。结果表明:黄河流域“三生”功能协调度共分4种水平6种类型,整体处于“磨合”水平,不同功能的空间分布特征差距明显;3.64%的县域单元处于“失调”水平,且主要沿黄河两岸分布;协调度类型主要以高生产低生态和高生态低生活两种类型为主;“三生”功能失调区域需根据协调度水平及类型,从优化土地利用结构、产业结构、公共服务设施供给以及生态维护等方面分类优化调控,提升短板功能,改善“三生”功能的协调度,促进国土空间的可持续开发利用。

The sustainable utilization of the Yellow River Basin greatly determines the socio-economic development and ecological security in China.Taking the Yellow River Basin as the study area,this study aims to propose some improvement suggestions to optimize the land resources for better ecological protection and high-quality development,particularly from the perspective of the coordination of“living-ecological-production”functions.Therefore,the specific relationship between“living-ecological-production”functions in the study area was the focus.A GIS spatial analysis was made to measure the function coordination.A mechanical equilibrium model was established to identify the dysfunctional areas using geospatial data and socio-economic statistics.Firstly,the initial values of various land use functions were determined,according to the relationship between land-use types and functions.The specific values of the living function,ecological function,agricultural,and non-agricultural production function were corrected using the population density,habitat quality,gross primary productivity,and non-agricultural industry output,concurrently considering the differences of regional socio-economic development and natural conditions.Secondly,three values of land-use function were converted into the standard function per unit of land,further enhancing the comparability of various functions in different regions.Finally,the mechanical equilibrium model was utilized to determine the coordination level and land use type of three functions in each county unit.The results showed that there were four levels and six types of coordination degrees for the“living-ecological–production”function in the study area,namely,the level of coordination,amelioration,confliction,and disorder level,while the higher-production&lower-ecology,higher-life&lower-ecology,higher-life&lower-production,higher-ecology&lower-production,higher-ecology&lower-living,and higher-production&lower-life type.Furthermore,the coordination level of different regions was significantly different,but the coordination was at the“amelioration”level as a whole.Specifically,the lower basin presented the highest coordination degree,as well as the value of living and production function,whereas,the upper basin behaved the maximum ecological function,while the middle basin had the middle value of living-ecological-production functions,compared with the three sub-regions.The production function was the lowest in the study area,where only about 24%of the county units presented a higher value of production function than the standard.There was a similar trend in the ecological and living function,accounting for about 43.50%and 43.77%of the county units,comparing the three functions.The coordination degree was better at the coordination and amelioration level in most county units,considering the specific situation of each county.In addition,only about 3.64%of the county units in the disorder level were mainly distributed along the two sides of the study area.The coordination degrees of the county units were mainly higher-production&lower-ecology,and higher-ecology&lower-life types,most of which were scattered in the whole Yellow River region.Consequently,the county units in the Yellow River Basin needed to optimize the coordination of the“living-ecological-production”function in terms of land use and industrial structure,thereby strengthening the supply of public service facilities and ecological maintenance.The improved short board function can be expected to achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development and utilization of land resources in the Yellow River region.The finding can provide sound scientific guidance to determine the coordination level and type of land use.