基于限制因子的粤北丘陵山区耕地宜机化整治分区

Land consolidation zoning of Northern Guangdong for suitable mechanization transformation in hilly and mountainous areas based on limiting factors

耕地宜机化整治是推进丘陵山区农业机械化的重要途径。该研究以粤北为研究区,以行政村为评价单元,基于限制因子可改良程度,运用加权求和法和改进障碍度模型确定整治潜力和难度,进而运用四象限法划定耕地宜机化整治分区。结果表明:1)高潜力整治区主要分布在丘陵山地,低潜力整治区主要分布于盆地。2)机耕道建设数量不足,地块较为分散,地块形状不规整是制约研究区耕地宜机化的主要原因。3)按整治潜力和难度,分为优先整治区、稍加整治区、全面整治区和后备整治区,面积占比分别为10.48%、46.57%、34.52%和4.80%。4)制定耕地宜机化整治专项规划,出台相关技术标准,因地制宜,建设为互联互通地块、水平条田、水平梯田、缓坡旱地、梯台旱地等不同类型宜机化耕地。基于整治潜力和整治难度的耕地宜机化整治分区方法能够用于耕地宜机化整治规划,利于后续耕地宜机化整治决策,研究结果在一定程度上指导耕地宜机化整治时序安排。

Land consolidation zoning is one of the most important ways for fitting large-medium farm machinery to promote agricultural mechanization and rural revitalization in hilly and mountainous areas.Therefore,reclamation planning is of great significance to effectively allocate resources in modern mechanized agriculture.Taking the hilly and mountainous area of northern Guangdong of China as the research area,this study aims to construct the evaluation index system of mechanization potential for large-medium farm machinery in a cultivated land using limiting factors.Two dimensions were also selected,including agricultural machinery accessibility and operation convenience.An improved obstacle degree model was used to identify the dominant limiting factors of cultivated land consolidation for fitting large-medium farm machinery.The improvement difficulty was then determined,according to the restriction degree and difficulty coefficient of dominant limiting factors.A suitable mechanized improvement zoning of cultivated land was delimited using the improvement potential and difficulty.A regional improvement strategy was finally proposed for the study area during this time.The results showed that:(1)There was obviously spatial differentiation of cultivated land consolidation for fitting large-medium farm machinery in the study area.The high potential improvement area was mainly distributed in the hilly areas,whereas,the low potential improvement area was mainly distributed in the basin areas.(2)The insufficient number of cultivated land construction was found to significantly restrict the mechanization for the relatively scattered and irregular shape of plots.(3)The difficulty distribution areas were generally consistent with the potential for improvement.The areas with greater difficulty were the mountainous areas with obvious limitation of the machine-ploughing track,where less difficulty was observed in the basins;particularly those were subjected to the land contiguous conditions and irregular shapes.(4)The priority area presented a great potential and small difficulty,indicating an obvious restriction from the contiguity and regular shape of the land.Additionally,there were limited potential and difficulty in the minor consolidation areas.Land consolidation can also be carried out using simple projects,such as the merging of fields.There were also high potential and difficulty in the comprehensive consolidation areas.Correspondingly,there were several limiting factors with a relatively large degree of restriction.It also needed to be remedied using comprehensive engineering during this time.Additionally,the ideal mechanization production was found in the backup improvement area,where the potential was small and difficult in the study area.It is necessary to invest a lot to further improve the mechanization level of cultivated land.(5)Special planning is highly urgent to formulate the relevant technical standards for the mechanization of cultivated land.Different types of cultivated land consolidation need to formulate the fitting large-medium farm machinery,according to local conditions,such as interconnection plots,horizontal strip fields,horizontal terraces,gentle slope dry land,and terrace dry land.(6)The remediation zoning was support to spatial guidance of cultivated land consolidation for fitting large-medium farm machinery using the potential and difficulty of remediation,particularly on selecting targeted objects of cropland mechanized remediation.The finding can also provide a promising reference for similar areas to carry out the cultivated land consolidation for fitting large-medium farm machinery.