女性主义烛照下的神话重述——论当代英美女性诗歌中的欧律狄刻形象改写

Myths Rewriting from the Perspective of Feminism——The Rewriting of Eurydice Image in Female Contemporary British and American Poetry

俄耳甫斯与欧律狄刻的故事是古希腊经典神话故事,后世创作者大多围绕俄耳甫斯对妻子生死不渝的爱情和俄耳甫斯无人能比的音乐才能加以改写。20世纪以来,一些当代英美女性诗人把目光由俄耳甫斯转向欧律狄刻,其中露易丝·格吕克,H.D.和卡罗尔·安·达菲三位代表诗人以欧律狄刻为原型进行创造性改写,她们笔下的欧律狄刻对于生冥两界做出了不同的空间选择,其原因在于生冥两界象征着对立的性别空间,人界充足的光线为俄耳甫斯凝视欧律狄刻提供了条件,而冥界的黑暗则为欧律狄刻逃避凝视甚至反凝视提供保护机制。其实,冥界之所以黑暗是因为光源来源于人界,男性的一切言语都是光,因此三位女诗人重述神话,力图推翻男性中心书写的文学历史,赋予欧律狄刻表达话语的权力,使欧律狄刻成为自为的发光体,“照亮”冥界这一女性空间。

The story of Orpheus and Eurydice is a classic Greek myth,rewritten mostly by later writers is around Orpheus’love for his wife or his incomparable musical talent.Since the 20th century,some contemporary British and American poetesses began to pay attention to Eurydice,among them,Louise Glück,H.D.and Carol Ann Duffy are three representative poets who creatively rewrote the image of Eurydice,and different Eurydice made different spatial choices for the two worlds of life and death,the reason for this is that the worlds of life and death symbolise the opposite gender space,and the ample light of the worlds of life provides the conditions for Orpheus to gaze at Eurydice,while the darkness of the worlds of death provides a protective mechanism for Eurydice to avoid or even reverse gaze.In fact,the hell is dark because the source of light comes from the human world,all the words of men are light,so the three poetesses retell the myth,trying to overthrow the male-centered writing of literary history,giving Eurydice the power to express words,so that Eurydice became a self-luminous body,“Lighting up”the underworld this female space.