不同果园梨小食心虫的发生动态及性信息素迷向丝的防控效果

Occurrence Dynamics of Grapholitha molesta and Control Effect of Sex Pheromone Disorientated Filament in Different Fruit Orchards

【目的】探明梨小食心虫在不同果园的发生动态及性信息素迷向技术的防控作用,为性信息素迷向技术的使用及梨小食心虫的防控提供参考。【方法】2020年在陕西省咸阳地区选取苹果园、梨园和桃园,采用性信息素诱捕方法调查梨小食心虫成虫的发生动态;通过迷向率、桃树折梢率和果实蛀果率等指标衡量悬挂迷向丝对果园梨小食心虫发生的防治效果。【结果】梨小食心虫在桃园和梨园发生量相对较大,在苹果园相对较少;桃园梨小食心虫在5月中下旬出现成虫发生高峰期,平均诱蛾量为11.75头/个诱捕器;梨园分别在7月下旬和8月下旬出现明显的成虫发生高峰,以7月下旬诱蛾量最高,平均诱蛾量为18.67头/个诱捕器;苹果园7月底至8月初达最高,平均诱蛾量30头/个诱捕器。梨小食心虫性信息素迷向丝的迷向效果显著,苹果园、梨园和桃园的迷向率分别为99.06%、98.43%和97.04%;梨小食心虫幼虫折梢危害仅发生在桃园,折梢率均呈迷向处理区<对照(常规化学防治)区,折梢防效达98%以上;梨小食心虫对不同种类果园具有选择危害特性,对照区蛀果率为5.32%~10.18%,呈苹果园<桃园<梨园,迷向处理区蛀果率为0.23%~0.75%,呈桃园<苹果园<梨园,均以梨园的蛀果率最高;梨小食心虫性信息素迷向丝对苹果、梨和桃的蛀果防效分别是91.75%、97.11%和92.63%。【结论】梨小食心虫在桃园和梨园发生量相对较大,在苹果园相对较少,性信息素迷向丝对果园梨小食心虫具有明显的防控作用。

【Objective】The occurrence status of Grapholitha molesta and control effect of sex pheromone disorientated filament in different fruit orchards are investigated to provide a reference for application of sex pheromone disorientated technology and control of G.molesta.【Method】The occurrence dynamics of G.molesta moths is investigated by the sex pheromone trap method in apple,pear and peach orchards in Xianyang,Shaanxi in 2020.The disorientation rate of G.molesta moths,damage rate of peach branch tops and fruit-boring rate are surveyed to study the control effect of suspension sex pheromone disorientated filament on G.molesta occurrence in fruit orchards.【Result】The occurrence amount of G.molesta is relatively higher in peach and pear orchards and relatively less in apple orchard.The occurrence peak of G.molesta moths in peach orchard is in the middle ten days to late ten days of May and the average trapped amount of G.molesta moths is 11.75/trap.The occurrence peak of G.molesta moths in pear orchard is in the late ten days of July and late ten days of August.The trapped amount of G.molesta moths is the highest in the late ten days of July and the average trapped amount of G.molesta moths reaches 18.67/trap.The occurrence peak of G.molesta moths in apple orchard is from the end of July to beginning of August and the average trapped amount is up to 30/trap.The disorientation effect of G.molesta sex pheromone disorientated filament is significance and the disorientation rate in apple,pear and peach orchards is 99.06%,98.43%and 97.04%respectively.The damage of branch tops by G.molesta larvae occurs in peach orchard only.The damage rate of branch tops is disorientation treatment<CK(conventional chemical control)and the control rate of branch top damage is above 98%.The fruit-boring rate of CK is 5.32%~10.18%and the fruit-boring rate is apple orchard<peach orchard<pear orchard.The fruit-boring rate of the disorientation treatment is 0.23%~0.75%and the fruit-boring rate is peach orchard<apple orchard<pear orchard.The fruit-boring control rate of G.molesta sex pheromone disorientation filaments to apple,pear and peach is 91.75%,97.11%and 92.63%separately.【Conclusion】The occurrence amount of G.molesta is relatively higher in peach and pear orchards and relatively less in apple orchard.The sex pheromone disorientation filament has the obvious control effect on G.molesta in fruit orchards.