中国农业用水效率的动态演变及其影响因素

Dynamic Evolution and Influence Factors of Agricultural Water Efficiency in China

【目的】探明中国农业用水效率的动态演变及其影响因素,为提高中国农业用水效率、促进农业可持续发展提供参考。【方法】利用2010—2017年中国30个省(区、市)的农业用水量、耕地灌溉面积、固定资产投资存量、农业总产值和农作物受灾面积数据,建立超效率非合意SBM模型计算30个省(区、市)的农业用水效率,并计算农业用水效率Malmquist指数的各分解指数。【结果】30个省份中,东部地区大部分省份的农业用水总效率值大于0.8,中部地区大部分省份的农业用水总效率值小于0.7,西部地区中重庆、贵州和陕西的农业用水总效率值大于1,甘肃、宁夏和内蒙古的农业用水总效率小于0.4。研究期内中国农业用水的全要素生产率年均增长率为5.7%,纯技术效率均值小于1,技术进步指数均值大于1,规模效率均值小于1。【结论】中国农业用水效率总体呈上升趋势且空间分布不均衡,东部地区最优,西部地区和中部地区内部较大差异;纯技术效率和规模效率低对农业用水效率产生负面影响,技术进步指数提升产生正面影响。

【Objective】The dynamic evolution and influence factors of agriculture water efficiency are studied to provide a reference for improving agriculture water efficiency and sustainable development in China.【Method】The agriculture water efficiency of 30 provinces(autonomous regions and cities)is evaluated by the established super efficiency undesirable SBM model according to the data including agriculture water quantity,farmland irrigation area,fixed-asset investment stock,total agricultural output value and crops damage area of 30 provinces in China from_(2)010 to 2017 and various factorization indexes of Malmquist index of agriculture water efficiency are calculated.【Result】Total agriculture water efficiency value of most provinces in Eastern China,most provinces in Central China,and Chongqing,Guizhou and Shaanxi in Western China is>0.8,<0.7 and>1 respectively and total agriculture water efficiency value of Gansu,Ningxia and Inner Mongolia is<0.4.The average annual growth rate of total factor productivity of agriculture water is 5.7%,and the average pure technical efficiency value,average technical progress index and average scale efficiency are<1,>1 and<1 separately.【Conclusion】The agriculture water efficiency is on the rise overall but the spatial distribution is unbalance in China.The agriculture water efficiency in Easter China is the highest but there is a significant difference in Western China and Central China.The low pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency have the negative effect on agriculture water efficiency but the higher technical progress index has the positive effect on agriculture water efficiency.