我国制造业企业国内价值链嵌入度的测算与事实

Measurement and Facts of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises’Embeddedness in the National Value Chain

尽管国内价值链战略被视为助推中国产业发展的重要途径,但受制于忽略异质性的不足,已有研究很难进行企业层面的系统分析。有鉴于此,本文通过汲取增加值贸易与微观计量的双重优势,整合2002年、2007年、2010年、2012年省(区、市)间投入产出数据、工业企业数据与海关数据的海量信息,构建了一个可以连接新新贸易理论与国内价值链的分析框架。结果显示:我国制造业的国内价值链嵌入度大幅提升,但是提升背后隐藏着偏好加工制造、排斥服务投入的倾向;进一步考虑贸易类型、区域空间与所有制差异,也未改变国内价值链嵌入度的上述倾向;由于在位效应(存活企业的平均加权变动)构成了国内价值链嵌入度偏向加工制造、排斥服务投入的主要原因,我国制造业的国内价值链整合存在着循环累积的低端陷阱。本文的以上发现不仅补充了国内价值链的研究框架,同样为推动我国制造业高质量发展提供了切实参考。

Although the national value chain strategy is considered as an important way to promote the development of China’s industry,it is difficult to conduct a systematic analysis at the enterprise level due to the lack of analysis on heterogeneity.In this regard,this paper,by leveraging the dual advantages of value-added trade and micro-measurement,integrates the inter-provincial input-output data,industrial enterprise data and customs data in 2002,2007,2010 and 2012,and constructs an analytical framework that can connect new-new trade theory and national value chain.The results show that although China’s manufacturing industry’s embeddedness in the national value chain has increased significantly over time,there is a low-end tendency that the industries prefer processing and manufacturing and reject service inputs;even after considering the trade type,regional space and ownership differences,the low-end tendency of embeddedness in the national value chain has not changed;the incumbency effect(the average weighted change of surviving enterprises)constitutes the main reason why national value chain embeddedness is biased towards processing and manufacturing and rejects service inputs,so there is a low-end trap of circular accumulation in the integration of the national value chain and China’s manufacturing industry.The above findings in this article not only supplement the research framework of the national value chain,but also provide a practical reference for promoting the high-quality development of China’s manufacturing industry.