基于盐味觉的限盐策略对慢性心力衰竭患者钠摄入量的影响

Effect of salt restriction strategy based on salt taste on sodium intake of patients with chronic heart failure

目的探讨基于盐味觉的限盐策略对慢性心力衰竭患者盐味偏好和钠摄入量的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2020年4—9月在江苏省南京市某三级甲等医院心内科住院的166例慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象。将患者随机分为试验组(83例)和对照组(83例)。两组患者均给予规范化的慢性心力衰竭治疗方案与健康教育,试验组在此基础上根据患者不同的盐味偏好值给予每天5.0、6.0、7.5 g的低盐营养餐。采用24 h尿钠值、盐味偏好值(STP)、限钠饮食问卷(DSRQ)评估干预效果。结果干预后两组患者STP比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组干预后的24 h尿钠值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预后试验组的DSRQ得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论基于盐味觉的限盐策略可降低慢性心力衰竭患者的盐味偏好和尿钠值,改善限钠饮食的执行现状。

Objective To explore the effect of salt restriction strategy based on salt taste on salt taste preference(STP)and sodium intake in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods From April to September 2020,convenience sampling was used to select 166 patients with chronic heart failure in the Cardiology Department of a ClassⅢGrade A hospital in Nanjing City,Jiangsu Province as the research object.The patients were randomly divided into the experimental group(83 cases)and the control group(83 cases).Both groups of patients were given standardized chronic heart failure treatment methods and health education.On this basis,the experimental group was given a low-salt nutrient meal of 5.0g,6.0g,and 7.5 g per day according to the different STP of the patients.The 24-hour urine sodium,STP,and Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire(DSRQ)were used to evaluate the intervention effect.Results After the intervention,there was a statistically significant difference in STP between the two groups of patients(P<0.05).The 24-hour urine sodium of the experimental group after intervention was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).After the intervention,the DSRQ score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusions The salt restriction strategy based on salt taste can reduce the STP and urine sodium of patients with chronic heart failure,and improve the current status of the implementation of sodium restriction diet.