基于高通量测序技术的北冰洋典型环境原生生物多样性研究进展

Advances in protist diversity studies in representative environments of the Arctic Ocean based on high-throughput sequencing

原生生物指可独立生存的单细胞或群体真核生物,其多样性高、结构功能复杂、分布广泛,是海洋微型浮游生物群落的重要组成部分,在维持海洋生态系统结构与功能中发挥着重要作用。早期使用显微镜、流式细胞术等传统方法对原生生物多样性的研究具有若干局限性,随着分子生物学技术的发展,测序技术(尤其高通量测序)为深入研究原生生物多样性、群落组成、时空变化及甄别其环境驱动因素等做出重要贡献。北冰洋是受全球气候变暖影响最为严重的大洋,作为水体生态系统的重要组成者,原生生物所受影响仍待深入探讨。因此,探究北冰洋典型环境(如海水、海冰、融池等)中原生生物的群落组成、动态变化等,有助于了解全球变暖过程中北冰洋生态系统的变化。然而,由于极地自然环境恶劣、样品采集困难等原因,北冰洋原生生物多样性的相关研究十分欠缺,许多研究空白亟待补充。本文对基于高通量测序技术的北冰洋原生生物多样性研究进行了文献搜集与整理,以期为全球变化背景下原生生物多样性研究提供参考。

The term protist refers to a diverse array of eukaryotic organisms capable of living as single cells,al-though many species form colonies ranging from a few to many cells.Early protist diversity studies usually applied conventional methods such as microscopic observation and flow cytometry.However,due to the limitations associ-ated with these approaches,the diversity of protists as a whole cannot be studied thoroughly.Recent advances in sequencing-based techniques,e.g.,high-throughput sequencing,have enabled in-depth assessment of protist diver-sity from diverse environments.The Arctic Ocean has received much attention because it is one of the most vul-nerable environments affected by global warming.However,compared with their prokaryotic counterparts,our un-derstanding of the diversity,community composition,and environmental driving factors of protists has largely lagged behind.In this review,published articles on protist diversity from diverse Arctic environments(e.g.,sea-water,sea ice,melt ponds,etc.)have been synthesized,and we intend to provide useful data for future studies on the diversity of Arctic protists,especially in the context of global warming.