中美乒乓外交成功对新时代我国体育外交实施的启示

The Enlightenment of Sino-US Ping Pong Diplomacy Success to the Implementation of China’s Sports Diplomacy in the New Era

采用文献资料法、历史研究法等,对中美乒乓外交始末进行研究。结论:中美两国高层的“赛前准备”、斯廷霍文的主动与庄则栋和科恩的推动、戏剧性的转变与美国回请是中美乒乓外交的四个阶段。成功主要因素:中美两国领导人对体育的态度与周恩来总理的贡献、中国乒乓球的强大与中美乒协的推动、中国国际地位的提高与中、美、苏之间的政治博弈;启示:深入学习习近平外交思想,把握体育外交基本方向;重视国内各项目协会的发展,发挥体育协会在对外交流中的作用;重视媒体宣传作用,打造一批具有国际影响力的联赛或运动员。

Using literature method,historical research method and so on,the Sino-US Ping Pong diplomacy is studied.Conclusion:the“pre-match preparation”of China and US,the initiative of Stinghoven and the impetus of Zhuang Zedong and Cohn,the dramatic transformation and the return of the united states are the four stages of Ping Pong diplomacy between China and the United States.The main factors of success are:the attitude of the leaders of China and the United States towards sports and the contribution of Premier Zhou Enlai,the powerful Chinese table tennis and the promotion of the Sino-US Table Tennis Association,the improvement of China’s international status and the political game between China,the United States and the Soviet Union.The enlightenment:deeply study Xi Jinping’s sports diplomacy thought in the new era,grasp the basic direction of sports diplomacy;attach importance to the domestic events association to play the role of sports associations in external communication;attach importance to the role of media propaganda and to create a group of league or athletes with international influence.