桡骨远端骨折外固定支具的结构设计和优化方法

Structural design and optimization of external fixator for distal radius fracture

针对桡骨远端骨折传统外固定方法的缺点,设计一种新型外固定支具.分析外固定支具设计需求,基于模块化设计思想确定其固定、牵伸、活动三种功能模式及结构层次关系,给出外固定支具结构设计方案及工作原理.围绕外固定支具固定模式进行静力学分析,以外固定支具关键尺寸为设计变量,以质量、等效应力、最大变形量为目标变量,建立多目标尺寸优化模型.采用响应面法、中心复合试验设计法和多目标遗传算法进行尺寸优化求解,并进行轻量化设计.结果表明:该外固定支具在固定状态下具有较强的刚性,优化后的外固定支具满足设计需求,质量下降了19%,达到轻量化的目的,验证了结构设计方案的有效性和可行性.

By analyzing the weaknesses of traditional external fixator for distal radius fracture,a new external fixator is designed.The design requirements of the external fixator are analyzed,and the three functional modes of fixation,traction and movement the structural hierarchical relationship are determined based on the modular design idea,and the structural design scheme and working principles of the external fixation brace are given.Taking the key dimensions as design variables and the mass,equivalent stress and maximum deformation as target variables,a multi-object size optimization mathematical model is established.The response surface method,central composite experimental design method and multi-objective genetic algorithm are used to optimize the size for lightweight design.The results show that the external fixation brace has strong rigidity in the fixation state.The optimized external fixation brace meets the design requirements,the mass is reduced by 19%,and the goal of lightweight is achieved.The effectiveness and feasibility of the structural design scheme are verified.