无患子皂苷的复配及其在构筑Ni(OH)_(2)/NiOOH复合材料中的应用

Compounding of Sapindus-saponin and Its Application for Synthesis of Ni(OH)_(2)/NiOOH Composite Materials

以无患子为原料,提取得到天然表面活性剂无患子皂苷,研究其与阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)的复配性能,并将无患子皂苷和复配表面活性剂用于溶剂热法制备氢氧化镍复合材料。考察了反应溶剂、温度和表面活性剂对材料形貌的影响。研究表明:复配体系具有优异协同增效作用,当无患子皂苷与CTAB以质量比50∶50复配时,表面活性剂溶液的临界胶束浓度(CMC)及临界胶束浓度下对应表面张力(γCMC)分别由无患子皂苷的1 g/L和41.97 mN/m大幅度降低到0.18 g/L和24.63 mN/m。对氢氧化镍复合材料的形貌分析及XRD分析结果显示:在乙醇体系中,以无患子皂苷为表面活性剂,180℃时制得形貌均匀的具有孔隙花球状微球结构复合材料,其纳米片多且厚;以无患子皂苷/CTAB复配体系为表面活性剂,在乙醇体系中,140℃制得形貌均匀的珊瑚球形复合微纳米材料;两种不同形状的氢氧化镍复合材料均为Ni(OH)_(2)/NiOOH型复合材料。

The natural surfactant sapindus-saponin was extracted from Sapindus mukorossi.The composite properties of sapindus-saponin and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylamine bromide(CTAB)were studied.Sapindus-saponin and composite surfactants were used to prepare nickel hydroxide composite materials by solvothermal method.The effects of solvents,temperatures,and surfactants on the morphology of the materials were investigated.It was revealed that the compound system had obvious synergistic effect.In detail,the CMC andγCMC of sapindus-saponin were 1 g/L and 41.97 mN/m;when the mass ratio of sapindus-saponin to CTAB was 50∶50,the CMC andγCMC of systems decreased drastically to 0.18 g/L and 24.63 mN/m,respectively.The morphology analysis and XRD analysis of Ni(OH)_(2) composites showed that,when sapindus-saponin was used as surfactant in ethanol system under 180℃,the composite materials with uniform pore flower spherical microsphere structures were obtained,which possessed many thick nanosheets.On the other hand,when sapindus-saponin/CTAB compounded system was used as surfactant in ethanol system under 140℃,spherical coral composite micro-nano materials with uniform morphology were prepared.The two different kinds of composite materials were both Ni(OH)_(2)/NiOOH composites.