水稻镉胁迫响应机制及防控措施研究进展

Research Progresses on Response Mechanisms and Control Measures of Cadmium Stress in Rice

土壤镉污染是日益严重的环境问题之一。水稻是镉吸收能力最强的大宗谷类作物。水稻对镉的积累及向食物链的转移给人类健康带来威胁。近年来在水稻对镉的吸收和积累过程及其影响因素方面的研究取得了一系列重大进展。本文从镉对水稻种子萌发、生长和发育、产量的影响;土壤中镉的活化、木质部装载运输、韧皮部向籽粒转移三个过程的生理与分子机制以及品种选育、土壤修复、农艺调控等防控措施三个方面进行了综述。以期为水稻镉胁迫相关研究提供理论参考,并为制定降低稻米镉含量的有效策略提供依据。

Soil cadmium pollution is one of the increasingly serious environmental problems.Rice is the bulk cereal crop with the highest cadmium uptake capacity.The accumulation of cadmium by rice and its transfer to the food chain pose a threat to human health.In recent years,a series of significant advances have been made in research on the uptake and accumulation processes of cadmium in rice and its influencing factors.In this review,three aspects were reviewed.First,the effects of cadmium on rice seed germination,growth and development,and yield.Second,the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind cadmium activation in soil,xylem loading and transport,and transfer of cadmium from phloem to grains.Third,the prevention and control measures such as variety selection,soil remediation,and agronomic measures.It is expected to provide theoretical references for research related to Cd stress in rice and to lay a basis for developing effective strategies to reduce Cd level in rice.