2014年秋季渤、黄海浮游动物的群落结构与分布特征

Characterization of zooplankton community structure and distribution in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in autumn 2014

为了解渤、黄海秋季浮游动物群落的结构和分布特征,于2014年11月在南黄海、北黄海和渤海采集浮游动物样品,研究了浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种、生物多样性和分布情况等.结果表明:研究海域共记录浮游动物成体70种,浮游幼虫22类;3个海域的浮游动物种类组成、丰度和生物量均存在差异,种类数和香农-威纳多样性指数均以南黄海最高.南黄海、北黄海和渤海的浮游动物平均丰度(不包含夜光虫)分别为225.5,295.1和128.2 ind/m^(3),高丰度主要分布在南黄海冷水团海域.南黄海、北黄海和渤海分别有6,5和4个优势种,其中中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)是3个海域共有的优势种.调查海域的浮游动物优势种在水平分布格局上可划分为4种类型.聚类分析表明,渤、黄海的浮游动物可划分为渤海及黄海近岸群落、黄海北部及中部群落和黄东海交汇水混合群落.冗余分析显示,对浮游动物群落影响显著的环境因子为表层盐度.

To study the zooplankton community structure and distribution characteristics in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in autumn,zooplankton samples in the South Yellow Sea,North Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were collected in November 2014,and the species composition,abundance,biomass,dominant species,biodiversity and distribution were examined.A total of 70 species and 22 taxa of planktonic larvae were identified.The species composition,abundance and biomass were significantly different among the three studied areas.The highest number of species and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were detected in the South Yellow Sea,followed by those in the North Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.The average abundance of zooplankton(excluding Noctiluca scintillans)in the South Yellow Sea,North Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was 225.5,295.1 and 128.2 ind/m^(3),respectively.The high abundance was mainly observed in the North Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass area.There were 6,5 and 4 dominant species in the South Yellow Sea,North Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea,respectively.Calanus sinicus and Sagitta crassa were the dominant species in common in these three areas.Based on the horizontal distribution patterns,the dominant species were categorized into four groups.Cluster analyses revealed three communities,the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea neritic community,the Yellow Sea northern and central community,and the Yellow Sea and East China Sea mixed water community,respectively.Redundancy analysis showed that surface salinity was the environmental factor significantly affecting zooplankton community.