清末民国文益书局石印宝卷始末

History of Lithographic Baojuan Printed by Wenyi Press from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

文益书局是清末民国时期石印宝卷的开创者和龙头老大。从1909年到20世纪30年代,它大约石印了近80部宝卷。文益书局通过保护版权,广告推销,聘请名家题签、插图和校对等营销手段,成功地将宝卷刊印推入到近代化的出版业中。从来源上说,文益书局石印本宝卷中只有5种新编宝卷,约三分之一源自经房本、善书局本宝卷,其余的都是整理民间流行的抄本宝卷而来。这些卷本或是最经典的,或是最流行的,或是最有社会影响力的。由此可见文益书局石印宝卷,是建立在信仰基础上的消费,是在尊重宝卷特殊性的前提之下来实现商业价值的。文益书局石印宝卷使得世俗故事为主的案头本宝卷大量产生,客观上在向通俗文学方向靠拢,半自觉地汇入到近现代的都市通俗文艺之中。总之,文益书局石印宝卷是吴语区宝卷城市化、商业化、娱乐化的产物。

Wenyi Press is considered as the founder and leader of lithographic Baojuan from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,because it printed nearly 80 pieces of Baojuan with lithography from 1909 to the 1930s.Through various means of promotion,including advertising,protecting copyrights,adding inscriptions of celebrities,illustrations and proofreading,Wenyi Press successfully introduced the lithographic Baojuan into modern publishing industry.As for the source of those lithographic Baojuan,only five of them were newly compiled,about one third of them were reprinted from versions pressed by Jingfang and Shanshuju publishing houses,others are collected and sorted out of manuscripts that are very popular among the folk.On one hand,given that these lithographic Baojuan printed by Wenyi Press are the most classic and popular,or even the most influential,they are kind of consuming productions based on the folk belief as well as achieving their commercial value on the base of respecting the distinctive elements of Baojuan.On the other hand,they also produced a large number of Baojuan mainly focused on secular stories written by intellectuals.Objectively,they also share the common artistic of popular literature,and gradually became one of the modern urban popular literatures in a half-conscious way.It comes to the conclusion that the lithographic Baojuan printed by Wenyi Press is the result of urbanization,commercialization and entertainment of Baojuan in areas of Wu dialect.