话语、权力与国家:近代川藏边地的空间建构

Discourse,Power and State:the Construction of Space in the Border Area of Sichuan and Xizang in Modern China

清末民国时期,为应对帝国主义侵略引起的边疆危机,川藏边地在国家权力扩张和话语政治共同作用下被逐渐定名为“西康”。在此过程中,“西康”与“西藏”的差异性叙述成了川藏边地空间建构的重要策略。英国则通过炮制“内藏”和“外藏”概念,试图据此达成“三方协议”以分割川藏边地。由于缺乏任何历史依据,英方所主导的西姆拉会议最终以文字游戏而告结束。西藏方面期望在“檀越关系”的基础上,恢复噶厦政府在川藏边地的政教运行原则和模式。但在封建农奴制度下,朵麦基巧统治方式的残酷性,制约了噶厦政府在川藏边地的权力建构。中华人民共和国成立后,在民族区域自治制度的框架下,中央政府对川藏边地的行政空间进行了重构,最终结束了长达半个世纪的康藏界务之争。

During the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,in response to the border crisis caused by the imperialist aggression,the border area of Sichuan and Xizang was gradually named"Xikang"under the joint effect of the expansion of state power and strategic polititics.In this process,the differential narrative between"Xikang"and"Xizang"had become an important strategy for the construction of space in the border area of Sichuan and Xizang.The British government tried to reach a"tripartite agreement"to divide the border area of Sichuan and Xizang by concocting the concepts of"Inner Tibet"and"Outer Tibet".Due to the lack of any historical basis,the Simla Conference led by the British government could only end with a word game.On the basis of the"mchod-yon relationship",the Xizang local government hoped to restore the principles and models of the political and religious operation in the border area of Sichuan and Xizang.However,under the feudal serf system,the cruel rule of mdo-smad-spyi-khyab restricted the power construction of the Xizang local government between the border area of Sichuan and Xizang.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,under the framework of regional autonomy for ethnic minorities,the central government reconstructed the administrative space in the border area of Sichuan and Xizang,and finally ended the half-century-long boundary dispute between"Xikang"and"Xizang".