民国贵阳实验救济院述论

Study on Guiyang Experimental Almshouse During the Republic of China

民国贵阳实验救济院系清季“资善堂”演变而来,在救济上颇有影响。实践中贵阳实验救济院立足“教养兼施”理念,院内教养与院外救济并行,救济取得一定成效。但其内部存在经费困难、管理失序等局限,效果也参差不齐。最终的崩溃实质上是社会失序、经费缺乏、管理不善与政治变动等多种因素共同导致的结果。同时认为欠发达地区的社会救济需要在良好的社会政治环境下,充实经费、改善管理,而若不能解决结构性社会贫困问题,社会救济难免杯水车薪。

Guiyang experimental Almshouse of the Republic of China originated from Zishan Tang,which had some importance in relief work.In practice,Guiyang experimental Almshouse took the concept of"both teaching and rearing or feeding"as the original purpose,and it adopted two forms including in-agency upbringing and out-of-agency relief,which had certain effect on relief work.However,it had financial difficulty and management disorder in it,so the effect was unstable and even poor.The final collapse was actually the result of social chaos,insufficient funds and poor management,etc.Meanwhile,the author thinks that social relief in underdeveloped areas needed to enrich funds and improve management in a good social and political environment,but if the structural social poverty problems should not be solved,social relief will inevitably fall into dilemma.