纪录片研究的“伦理学转向”

The "Ethical Turn" in Documentary Research

纪录片研究的"伦理学转向"是21世纪到来前后在西方产生的一种纪录片理论。在这之前,西方已经有了关于纪录片本体"客观性"的争论,一些人认为纪录片并无"客观"可言;"伦理学转向"则更是把如何对待个人作为了纪录片的核心问题,并以之批评传统的纪录片作品,进而试图重新定义、规划纪录片。这样一种由后现代主义思潮而来的纪录片理论,完全无视纪录片的公共性,大力倡导个人主义,与后现代主义的"终结论"遥相呼应,把故事片、动画片、先锋实验影像以及电视娱乐节目等统统纳入纪录片的范畴,以图解构、重构"纪录片"这一事物。从本质上认识西方纪录片研究中的"伦理学转向",是今天中国纪录片研究者不可回避的责任。

The "ethical turn" in documentary research is a documentary theory emerged in the West at the turn of the century. Erenow, there had already been some controversy concerning the "objectivity" of documentary-in-itself in the West. Some believe there is no "objectivity" in documentaries, while the "ethical turn" believes that how to treat an individual is the key issue of documentaries, and criticizes traditional documentaries, attempts to re-define and re-plan documentary. Arisen from post-modernist ideologies, such a documentary theory ignores the publicity of documentary, vigorously advocates individualism, corresponds to post-modernist’s "endism", includes feature film, animation, experimental film and video and TV entertainment program into the range of documentary research, tries to deconstruct and reconstruct "documentary". To understand the "ethical turn" in documentary research on the essential level, is the unavoidable responsibility of today’s Chinese documentary researchers.