中国外交部发言人应答话语中的“诉诸同情”论证研究

An Investigation into Argument by Appeal to Pity in the Spokespersons'Replies at the Press Conferences of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China

中国外交部例行记者会是具有论辩性特征的交际活动,其目的在于消除与国际一般受众之间可能存在的意见分歧,达到劝服受众支持中方行为的交际效果。在应答话语中,发言人可使用多种论证图式来辩护立场。对此,本文依托语用论辩学理论对应答话语中使用的“诉诸同情论证”展开研究。结果表明,发言人使用的“诉诸同情论证”可分为两大类,分别为“后果论证”和“需要帮助论证”“后果论证”,可进一步分为“积极后果论证”和“消极后果论证”,同时在论辩过程中,发言人会充分利用“受众需求”“潜在话题”和“表达手段”三方面,使自己的论证兼顾合理性与有效性。

The spokespersons'replies at the press conferences of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China are essentially argumentative,with the aim of resolving potential difference of opinion,and making audience convinced and support China's behaviour.Spokespersons employ a variety of argument schemes to defend their standpoints.Based on the framework of pragma-dialectics,this study investigates the argument by appeal to pity used by spokespersons and finds argument by appeal to pity can be classified into two categories:argument from consequences and argument from need for help.Argument from consequences can be further divided into argument from negative consequences and argument from positive consequences.In order to make a balance between reasonableness and effectiveness,spokespersons will take audience demand,topic potential and presentational devices into consideration.