再说山西方言的“支微入鱼”

Revisiting the Issue of Zhiweiruyu支微入鱼in Shanxi Dialects

山西方言的"支微入鱼",指汾河片中原官话的止合三、晋语的蟹止合口三四等,和遇合三今读[y]同音。比如,吕梁片晋语岚县:泪=滤ly^(3)、岁穗讳=絮cy^(3)、锥=猪(tsu、睡=树su)。这是因为蟹止合口跟着开口变,三四等开口高化到[i<*iei],合口也跟着高化到[y<uei],受语音构造的限制,知章组[*ts]组声母,开口拼[■],合口拼[u]。有些方言,合口没有跟上开口高化的步伐,还保留着[uei],与蟹合一同音,比如太原:累-赘=雷(luei、岁睡=碎suei)、讳=会xuei。也就是说,蟹止合口三四等读[uei]较早,读[y]略晚。晋语和汾河片中原官话的"支微入鱼",都属于方言自身的演变。

Zhiweiruyu支微入鱼in Shanxi dialects refers to the phenomenon that the finals from MC 3rd division of Hekou Zhi止final group in Fenhe cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin,the finals from MC 3rd and 4th divisions of Hekou合口Xie蟹and Zhi止final groups,and the finals from MC 3rd division of Hekou Yu遇final group are all pronounced[y].This can be exemplified by the characters泪=滤ly^(3)、岁穗讳=絮cy^(3)、锥=猪(tsu、睡=树su)in Lanxian dialect in Lüliang cluster of Jin group.Because finals from MC Hekou of Xie蟹and Zhi止final groups evolved with those from Kaikou开口.Finals of Kaikou of 3rd and 4th divisions raised as[i<*iei],and those of Hekou also raised as[y<uei].Restricted by the phonological structure,initials from Zhi知and Zhang章initial groups pronounced as[*ts]collocate with[?]of Kaikou and[u]of Hekou.Failing to follow the pace of the raising of Kaikou,the finals from Hekou in some dialects retains their[uei]pronunciation,which is the same with those from MC 1st division of Kaikou of Xie蟹final group,i.e.characters in Taiyuan dialect,累-赘=雷(luei、岁睡=碎suei)、讳=会xuei.That means the[uei]pronunciation of finals from MC 3rd and 4th of Hekou of Xie蟹and Zhi止final group is earlier than the[y]pronunciation.The Zhiweiruyu支微入鱼issue in Jin dialects and Fenhe cluster of Zhongyuan Mandarin are essentially an evolution of the dialect itself.