北京话和汴洛方言“客”字腭化路径比较

The Comparison of Palatalization Route of Ke客Between Beijing Dialect and Bianluo Dialects

中原汴洛地区(即今河南中东部)的部分方言和北京地区周边,都有"客"字读腭化音现象。《蒙古字韵》和《中原音韵》可以证明北京地区的腭化始于元代,并经历了与蟹摄见系开口二等字的合并阶段;河南方言的特点和相关文献证明,中原汴洛地区的"客"类字腭化是在中古入声消失后由元音的高化引起的,大概发生在清中叶以后,但没有经历与蟹摄二等字的合并阶段。

The palatalization of Ke客can be found in some dialects in Bianluo area of central plains,which is the central and eastern He’nan province,and dialects in Beijing and its surrounding area.Data in Menggu Ziyun蒙古字韵and Zhongyuan Yinyun中原音韵proves that the palatalization in dialects in Beijing area began in the Yuan Dynasty and underwent the pronunciation combination with characters from MC 2nd division of Kaikou开口vowels in Xie蟹final group with Jian见initial group.Features of dialects in He’nan province and the relevant literatures prove that the palatalization of Ke客in dialects in Bianluo area of central plains are caused by vowel raising after the vanishing of entering tone in MC Chinese,which might have occurred after the middle Qing Dynasty.It could have evaded the pronunciation combination with characters from MC 2nd division of Xie蟹final group.