江苏东海方言与“很”有关的句式及其形成

Clausal Structures with Hen 很 and Their Formation in Donghai Dialect in Jiangsu Province

江苏东海方言的"很",除了具有北方话的一般用法,还可以构成四种句式:1)NP+VP/AP+很+了,作动词(含轻动词"有")或形容词的补语,表示"数量大"或"程度高";2)NP(处所/时间)+很+NP(具体名词)+了、NP(处所/时间)+NP(具体名词)+很+了,前者作定语修饰名词,后者作轻动词"有"的补语,皆表示"数量大";3)NP1+VP+很+NP2(具体名词)+了;4)NP(代词/人名)+很+了,作句子谓语,表示"厉害"义,带有讽刺意味。东海方言的"很"与普通话的差异表现在:作补语是否与"得"共现;是否能进入时比句式;"很+NP"存在句式与构式的本质区别。

Besides general usages in northern Chinese dialects,hen很in Donghai dialect in Jiangsu province occur in four special clausal structures:I.In NP+VP/AP+hen很+le了construction,hen很acts as complement of the verb(including the light verb you有)or adjective,indicating LARGE QUANTITY or HIGH DEGREE.II.In NP(location/time)+hen很+NP+le了construction,hen很modifies the noun while in NP(location/time)+NP+hen很+le了construction,hen很acts as a complement of the light verb you有.In both cases it means LARGE QUANTITY.III.Hen很can occur in the NP1+VP+hen很+NP2+le了construction.IV.In the NP(pronoun/name of a person)+hen很+le了,hen很acts as a predicate with the lexical meaning of FIERCE.The differences between hen很in Donghai dialect and Putonghua lie in whether hen很co-occurrence with de得as a complement,whether hen很can enter a temporally related comparative construction.They also have fundamental differences in clausal and constructional structure.