商事制度改革、人力资本与创业选择

The Reform of the Commercial System,Human Capital and Entrepreneurial Choice

通过构建创业决策模型,本文分析了商事制度改革和人力资本对创业的作用,并从工商登记制度改革启动时间、"三证合一"落实时间和设立市场监管局时长三个方面测度各地级以上城市的商事制度改革,进而使用全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查的近60万个个体创业数据进行了实证检验。研究发现:(1)商事制度改革促进了创业;(2)商事制度改革提高了创业质量,机会型创业占比更大,创业收益更高;(3)从人力资本在创业活动的配置视角,探究人力资本对"改革促进创业"的中介效应,发现改革激发了人力资本在创业上的比较优势,更多高人力资本人士参与创业,从而推高了创业数量和质量。因此,商事制度改革要与人才政策相结合,为高人力资本人士的创业活动提供更多制度便利,以提升全社会创业水平。

This paper analyzes the interaction between the reform of the commercial system and human capital by constructing the business decision-making model,and measures the commercial system reform of cities from three aspects:the start time of the reform,the time for the implementation of the“three-in-one certificate”policy and the establishment of the market regulation administration,and then conducts an empirical test using about 600,000 pieces of data on individual entrepreneurial activities from China Migrants Dynamic Survey.This paper finds that:(1)The commercial system reform promotes mass entrepreneurship;(2)The commercial system reform improves the quality of entrepreneurship,and increases the proportion of opportunistic entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial income;(3)From the perspective of the allocation of human capital in entrepreneurial activities,this paper explores the mediation effect of commercial system reform on entrepreneurship,and finds that the reform stimulates the comparative advantage of human capital in entrepreneurship,and more people with stronger human capital start their own business,thus boosting the quantity and quality of entrepreneurship.Therefore,the commercial system reform should be combined with the talent policy to provide more institutional convenience for the entrepreneurial activities of people with stronger human capital,so as to elevate the level of entrepreneurship in the whole society.