行政公益诉讼管辖机制的实践探索与理论反思

Practical Exploration and Theoretical Reflection of Judicial Jurisdiction Mechanism of Administrative Public Interest Litigation

行政公益诉讼的管辖图景异端复杂,出现行政机关、人民检察院、人民法院管辖区域"两分离""三分离"以及"更加复杂分离"等情况。该现状是推行提级管辖到交叉管辖改革、相对集中管辖到类案集中管辖改革、与行政区划分离的相对集中管辖改革、专门法院(庭)的专属管辖改革等多轮行政诉讼管辖改革的副产品,也是检察公益诉讼改革与其他司法改革缺乏全面通盘规划的结果。现行行政公益诉讼管辖制度已经探索出多类型集中管辖、单类型集中管辖、跨区划公益诉讼案件"多类型"管辖等多种管辖模式。当前行政公益诉讼管辖改革应遵循司法权属中央事权原则,跨区划管辖原则,兼顾经济、效率与合理原则以及法检审级区划基本协调原则,并在"定""提""集""补"四个方面推进改革步伐与统筹具体方略。

The jurisdictional picture of administrative public interest litigation is heretical and complex,and there are cases of"two separation","three separation" and"more complicated separation" in the administrative jurisdiction of administrative organs,the jurisdiction of people’s procuratorates and people’s courts. This situation is the by-product of several rounds of judicial jurisdiction reforms,such as the reform from hierarchical jurisdiction to cross jurisdiction,the reform from relatively centralized jurisdiction to centralized jurisdiction of similar cases,the reform from administrative divisions,and the reform of exclusive jurisdiction of specialized courts. It is also the result of the lack of comprehensive planning between procuratorial public interest litigation reform and other judicial reforms. The current administrative public interest litigation jurisdiction system has explored a variety of jurisdiction modes,such as multi-type centralized jurisdiction,singletype centralized jurisdiction,and multi-type jurisdiction of cross-regional public interest litigation cases. At present,the jurisdiction reform of administrative public interest litigation should follow the principle of judicial ownership and central power,the principle of cross-regional jurisdiction,the principle of economy,efficiency and rationality,and the principle of basic coordination in the division of legal examination and trial level,and promote the pace of jurisdiction reform of administrative public interest litigation in four aspects:"fixing","raising","collecting" and"supplementing".