几内亚湾海上安全问题及其多层级治理

Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea and Its Multi-level Governance

近年来,几内亚湾的海上安全问题日益突出,海盗袭击愈演愈烈,并和其他安全问题相互交织、叠加发酵,几内亚湾已然成为全世界最危险的海域。有关各方在几内亚湾构建了国际社会与地区组织相结合、官方与非官方相结合的多层级安全治理架构,但却未能收到预期的功效。相较于亚丁湾安全治理的成效,复杂的地缘政治因素是几内亚湾安全治理失灵的关键。要缓解甚至消除几内亚湾的安全威胁,必须总结以往海上安全治理的经验及教训,国际社会和地区国家应该形成战略共识,实现陆海统筹的综合性治理。

Maritime security issues in the Gulf of Guinea have become increasingly prominent. Pirate attacks have intensified and intertwined with other maritime security issues. The Gulf of Guinea has become the most dangerous sea area in the world. The relevant parties have built a multi-level security governance structure in the Gulf of Guinea that combines international society and regional organizations, official and private actors, but it has failed to achieve the expected results. Compared with the effectiveness of security governance in the Gulf of Aden, complex geopolitical factors are important to the failure of security governance in the Gulf of Guinea. To alleviate or even eliminate security threats in the Gulf of Guinea, it is necessary to learn from the past experiencesin maritime security governance. The international community and regional countries should form a strategic consensus and realize integrated land-sea governance.