全球金融科技监管及改革趋势

Global Fintech Regulation and Its Reform Trend

近几年,在政策赋能、资本加持和新冠疫情的助推下,金融科技行业进入高速增长期。但是,如果监管不善,可能对金融稳定、行业竞争、社会公平、资源环境带来风险和冲击。过去十多年来,全球主要经济体对金融科技采取"重鼓励、轻监管"的监管取态,这种做法导致监管不平衡、不充分,也难以有效回应社会关切。2019年以来,国际上关于金融科技监管改革的反思和讨论日趋活跃,数据规则、竞争规则和金融监管规则被视为对金融科技实施有效监管的三大支柱。鉴于大型科技公司已日益成为金融监管面临的突出挑战,可基于实体监管原则,重点推动操作弹性和竞争领域的规则改革。中国宜借鉴国际改革趋势,通过制定必要而适当的实体监管规则,引导金融科技行业稳健、健康、持续发展。

Since 2018, enabled policies, capital boost and the outbreak of COVID-19 have combined to usher in an explosive growth period of fintech. While the industry boasts a great potential to reduce cost, enhance efficiency and promote financial inclusiveness, it may also pose grave risks to financial stability, level-field competition, social equity, sustainable development if regulated inadequately. In the last decade, major economies have adopted a policy position toward fintech featured by encouragement and light regulation. This stance of preserving the existing regulation and supervision framework while tinkering with rules in selected areas gives rise to problems such as unbalanced and insufficient regulation.