犍陀罗地区与塔里木盆地周缘佛教寺院形制布局的比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Layout of the Buddhist Monasteries in Gandhāra and the Tarim Basin

从印度发源的佛塔、佛寺在向中亚地区和塔里木盆地周缘传播的过程中,不断吸收沿途的文化元素,因地制宜,逐渐形成了“(多层)方形塔基-柱形塔身”的佛塔形制,以及“塔院-僧院”并列分布的佛寺布局模式,可见佛教寺院风格渐趋简单、封闭,反映了佛教发展和传播过程中,不同自然地理、历史文化、思想观念元素之间的矛盾与调和。

This paper focuses on the development of the layouts of Buddhist monasteries in Gandhāra and the Tarim Basin,two areas along the Silk Road that were significant for the propagation of Buddhism since the 3 rd century B.C.E After its inception in ancient India, Buddhism and the architectural style it inspired underwent many periods of localization when coming into contact with various peoples, cultures and religions on its path to Central Asia. In particular, multi-layered stupas with a square base and the layout of Buddhist monasteries that include stupas and small cells for monks are notable later developments in Buddhist architecture. The architectural style of these monasteries tended to be simpler and more enclosed, which reflects the compromise that was necessary as the eastward transmission of Buddhism encountered different geographical, historical, cultural and ideological influences.