奥登堡新疆考察文物获取途径——以俄国驻乌鲁木齐领事克罗特科夫与奥登堡往来信函为中心

How Sergey Oldenburg Obtained Cultural Relics When Exploring Xinjiang——Focusing on the Correspondence between Oldenburg and the Russian Consul Krotkov in Urumqi

奥登堡在1908-1911年间与俄国驻乌鲁木齐领事克罗特科夫有50余封往来信函„信函透露出奥登堡1909-1910年新疆考察期间与克罗特科夫、阿克萨卡尔、文物贩子间的往来互动及收购文物的细节。这些史实揭示了奥登堡新疆考察获取文物的两种途径:其一是通过考察过程中清理挖掘和“取样”“保护”所得;其二主要是在克罗特科夫和阿克萨卡尔的帮助下收购所得。

There were over 50 correspondences between Sergey Oldenburg and the Russian consul Krotkov stationed in U-rumqi in the years between 1908 and 1911.These letters reveal the details of how Oldenburg acquired cultural relics during his Xinjiang expedition in 1909-1910 and show that he was in contact with Krotkov in Urumqi,another correspondent named Ak-sakar and various cultural relics peddlers.These historical documents indicate that Oldenburg obtained cultural relics during his expedition either by purchasing them with the help of Krotkov and Aksakar,or by excavation and the more dubious methods of“sampling”and“protection.”