“科学与工程实践”视角下美国各州科学课程标准比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Science Standards in the United States from the Perspective of Science and Engineering Practices

自《新一代科学标准》发布起,美国科学教育的重点开始转向"科学与工程实践",此后各州先后对本州的科学课程进行改革。研究以2013年至2020年间美国50个州颁布的科学课程标准为对象,以"科学与工程实践"为视角进行对比研究,分析其在各州科学课程标准中的内容及呈现方式,探讨实践的可能途径。研究发现,绝大多数州的科学课程标准都突出了"科学与工程实践"的理念;"科学与工程实践"的内涵丰富,包括二元活动观,支持学习的技术观、工具观和方法观。各州在实践活动的要素和进阶设计等多个方面既有共性也存在差异,由此体现不同州对于"科学与工程实践"的独特理解和多元化的实践价值取向。

Since the "Next Generation Science Standards" were released,the focus of science education in the United States has shifted to science and engineering practices.Then,the US states revised their states’ science standards.This study compared the science standards published during 2013 to 2020 in the 50 US states from the perspective of science and engineering practices,analyzed the content and presentation styles,and explored possible ways to implement science and engineering practices.The results indicated that most of the states’ science standards highlighted the science and engineering practices.The connotation of science and engineering practices was rich,including a view of dual activities,a view of technology that supported learning,a view of tools and methods.There were similarities and differences in the elements,progression and other aspects of science and engineering practices among states’ science standards,which reflected the unique understanding of the science and engineering practices and the diversified value orientation toward practices.