负载NHC-Pd配合物催化Suzuki偶联反应的研究进展

Research progress of Suzuki coupling reaction catalyzed by loaded NHC-Pd complexes

钯催化的Suzuki偶联反应作为有效的构建碳-碳键的方法,在天然产物、药物全合成和有机合成工业中被广泛应用。而目前广泛应用的含钯均相催化剂尽管反应活性高,但昂贵的钯金属盐或配合物不易回收,痕量残留于目标产品或者废液中,导致目标产品重金属污染和环境污染等弊端,极大地增加了该反应的成本和降低了产品的安全性。氮杂环卡宾钯配合物(NHC-Pd)在催化Suzuki偶联反应中具有反应活性高、稳定好等优点常被用作异相催化剂的催化中心。该文从异相催化剂的载体材料如高分子聚合物材料、多孔硅材料、碳基材料、金属-有机框架及磁性纳米粒子材料等出发,综述了近年来NHC-Pd在异相催化Suzuki偶联反应中的最新研究进展,指出了这些催化剂存在的问题并对其发展方向进行了展望。

As an effective method of constructing carbon-carbon bonds,the Suzuki coupling reaction of palladium catalysis has been widely used in natural products,total pharmaceutical synthesis and organic synthesis industries.The currently widely used palladium-containing homogeneous catalysts have high reaction activity,but expensive palladium metal salts or complexes are not easy to be recycled,and traces remain in the target product or waste liquid,causes heavy metal pollution of the target product and environmental pollution,thus greatly increases the cost of the reaction and reduces the safety of the product.The nitrogen heterocyclic carbene palladium complex(NHC-Pd)has the advantages of high reactivity and good stability in catalyzing the Suzuki coupling reaction,and is often used as the catalytic center of heterogeneous catalysts.The latest research progress of NHC-Pd in heterogeneous catalytic Suzuki coupling reaction in recent year based on the support materials of heterogeneous catalysts such as macromolecule polymer materials,porous silicon materials,carbon-based materials,metal-organic frameworks and magnetic nanoparticles materials is reviewed.The problems existing in these catalysts are pointed out and the development direction of these catalysts is prospected.