药用植物锈病研究现状与展望

Status quo of and challenges for research on rust disease in medicinal plants

药用植物是一类具有特殊用途的经济植物,对人类健康具有重要的医疗和保健作用。药用植物锈病在多种药用植物主产区广泛发生,严重影响中药材的产量和品质,造成重大经济损失,限制了中医药产业的可持续发展。截至2020年年底,已报道的药用植物锈病共有76种,隶属33科。76种药用植物锈病病原共有79种,33种为柄锈菌属,占总数的39.24%,14种为鞘锈菌属,占总数的15.19%,11种为锈孢锈菌属,占总数的13.92%。79种锈菌中,有10种锈菌为单主寄生,13种锈菌为转主寄生。该研究通过相关文献的回顾,对药用植物锈病的危害症状、病原种类、危害程度与分布、流行与发病条件、防治措施等方面进行综述,探讨了药用植物锈病的研究现状与其他植物锈病研究存在的差距,以期为药用植物锈病的后续研究提供参考。

Medicinal plants are beneficial to human health.However,most of the major producing regions of medicinal plants suffer from rust disease,which threatens the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials,thus causes huge economic loss,and hinders the sustainable development of the Chinese medicine industry.By the end of 2020,rust disease had been reported in medicinal plants of 76 species and 33 families.In the 76 species,79 rust pathogens were detected.The majority of these pathogens belonged to Puccinia(33,39.24%),Coleosporium(14,15.19%),and Aecidium(11,13.92%).Of these 79 rust pathogens,10 were autoecious and 13 were heteroecious.Through literature research,this study reviewed the symptoms,pathogen species,severity and distribution,prevalence and occurrence conditions,and control measures of rust disease in medicinal plants,and thereby summarized the research status of rust disease in medicinal plants and the gap with other plants,which is expected to serve as a reference for further research on rust disease in medicinal plants.