1990-2020年泰国海岸线时空变迁分析

Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of Thailand coastline from 1990 to 2020

作为海岸带变化的标志要素,大范围、长时序的岸线动态变迁研究对区域海岸带环境与人类活动研究具有重要意义。本文利用遥感技术分析泰国1990-2020年岸线长度、类型变化、变迁速率、海陆格局等变化特点。结果表明:(1)30 a来,泰国岸线长度总体呈持续增长趋势,但增长速率呈“先快后慢”的阶段性变化,表现为向海扩张及向陆侵蚀两种形式。1990—2015年岸线向海方向的扩张趋势逐渐变缓,向陆方向的侵蚀趋势逐渐增大,2000-2015年整体变化趋势以内陆侵蚀为主,但2015年后整体岸线变迁以向海扩张为主;(2)泰国岸线变化区域性差异显著,林查班港等区域岸线扩张变化剧烈,而曼谷湾北部区域岸线侵蚀变化明显;(3)海岸带工程建设是泰国岸线扩张变化的主要动力,海洋环境与极端气候是岸线侵蚀变化的主要因素,而政策管理贯穿于岸线增减变化的全过程。

As a sign element,a large range,long-term shore dynamic changes in the coastal zones,are of great significance to the research of regional coastal environment and human activities.Used the remote sensing techniques,the variation characteristics of Thailand shoreline from 1990 to 2020 was analyzed,such as length changes,type changes,change rate,and the“sea-land”pattern.The results show that:(1)For 30 years,the length of the shoreline of Thailand had a continuous growth trend,but the growth rate was fast at first and then slow down,which patterns were expressed as two kinds:sea-forward expansion and land-forward erosion.From 1990 to 2015,the expansion trend in the shoreline toward the sea gradually slowed,and the erosive trend in the land was gradually increased.The overall change trend from 2000 to 2015 was mainly erosion,but the overall shoreline change in 2015 was expanded to the sea.(2)Thailand shoreline regional variation was significant,the change in the expansion of the banks such as Leam ChaBang was dramatic,and the erosion change in the northern part of Bangkok Bay was obvious.(3)The main driving force for the expansion of Thailand shoreline was the construction of coastal projects,and the main factors of erosion variations were the ocean environment and extreme climate,while policy management acted on the whole process of straighten changes.