新疆某水利水电工程土料的物理化学性质及分散性试验研究

Experimental Study on Physical and Chemical Properties and Dispersibility of Soil Materials in a Water Conservancy and Hydropower Project in Xinjiang

在新疆的水利水电工程建设中经常面临分散性土的危害,针对目前通用的针孔试验、碎块试验、双密度计试验、孔隙水阳离子试验4种分散性鉴定试验方法,其结果往往会出现不相吻合的情况,通过对某水利水利工程土料分散性的研究,从分散性机理和判断标准进行研究。研究表明:溶液中钠离子可以置换颗粒表面扩散层中间的钙离子,使扩散层增厚,对土料分散有促进作用,导致土料不稳定。河水中的钙离子置换了土粒双电层内的部分钠离子,河水的使用提高了土料的抗冲蚀能力,对土样的分散有一定的抑制作用。

The construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects in Xinjiang often faces the hazard of dispersed soil.This research aims at four test methods for dispersion identification,i.e.pinhole test,debris test,double density meter test and pore water cation test.But the results often do not match.In this paper,the dispersion mechanism and judgment criteria of soil material in a hydraulic and hydraulic project are studied.The research shows that sodium ion in solution can displace the calcium ion in the middle of the diffusion layer on the surface of particles,make the diffusion layer thicker,promote the dispersion of soil material and cause soil material instability.Calcium ion in river water replaces part of sodium ion in soil particle double layer.The use of river water improves the anti-erosion ability of soil material and has a certain inhibitory effect on the dispersion of soil samples.