资源环境约束对都市圈布局的影响——以厦(门)漳(州)泉(州)都市圈为例

Impact of Resource-Environmental Restriction on the Layout of Metropolitan Area:A Case Study of Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Metropolitan Area

文章以厦(门)漳(州)泉(州)都市圈为案例,通过分析资源环境要素的空间分异和时序演变特征,认为厦漳泉都市圈东部沿海的资源环境压力显著高于西部山区,近25年资源环境经历了2000年前的起步耗损、2000—2010年的快速耗损、2010年后的趋缓耗损的阶段。识别出资源环境各要素对都市圈的胁迫关系,认为环境污染因子的影响最大,水土资源因子的影响次之,生态质量因子的影响最小,它们的灰色关联系数分别为0.90、0.85、0.75。在资源环境不断施压的过程中,都市圈主要的响应与反应表现为与资源环境高度关联的产业部门产值和产品结构出现了波动调整、产业链条的中低端生产加工环节加快由资源环境趋紧地区向宽松地区转移、承载上述产业转移的建设用地在空间上打破行政区划束缚并加速向易于接受辐射的地区集聚。最后围绕资源环境禀赋多寡与约束力的强弱关系、资源环境各类要素约束的机制、缓解都市圈资源环境约束的创新方向等关键问题进行了讨论。

The resource environment has long been regarded as a driving factor and is regarded as an important basis for supporting urbanization and industrialization.The impact of the resource environment as a constraint factor on regional development is often neglected.The expression of strategic content such as the size of the city,the nature of the city,and the direction of urban development often leads to deviations due to lack of scientific understanding of the resource and environmental basis,which poses hidden dangers for serious resource and environment problems.At present,advocating the coordinated development of human and nature,economic society and resource environment has gradually become the core concept of spatial layout planning in China.The basic role of resource environment and its influence on the layout of space types such as metropolitan areas need to be re-examined.This paper takes the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Metropolitan Area as an example.By analyzing the spatial differentiation and time series evolution characteristics of resource and environment elements,it is considered that the resource-environment pressures on the eastern coast of the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Metropolitan Area are significantly higher than those in the western mountainous areas.The consumption characteristics of resources and environment in the past 25 years are as follows:initial stage(before 2000),rapid stage(from 2000 to 2010),and mitigation stage(after 2010).This paper further identifies the stress effects of different resource and environmental factors acting on the metropolitan area.It is considered that environmental pollution factors have the greatest impact,followed by water-land resources factors,and ecological quality factors have the smallest impact.Their grey correlation coefficients are 0.90,0.85 and 0.75,respectively.In the process of constant pressure on the resources and environment,the main response of the metropolitan area is manifested in three aspects:1)The industrial sector whose output value and product structure show the fluctuation adjustment is highly correlated with the resource environment.2)The middle and low-end production and processing links of the industrial chain will be accelerated from the areas where the resources and environment are tight to the loose areas.3)Construction land carrying the abovementioned industrial transfer spatially breaks the constraints of administrative divisions and accelerates the accumulation of areas that benefit from radiation.Finally,the paper discusses three key issues:the relationship between resource and environmental endowment and constraint degree,the constraint mechanism of various elements of resources and environment,and the innovative direction to alleviate the constraints of resources and environment in the metropolitan area.