花东“子”家族世系新研

New study of Zi’s family lineage in Huadong oracle inscriptions

关于花东“子”家族世系的研究离不开对花东卜辞中祭祀对象的考察,以往学界仅是将花东卜辞中不能准确标识行辈关系的祖、妣与同时期王卜辞中的祭祀对象相互比对,得出了“子”为武丁之子的观点。而本来可以准确标识行辈关系的父、母、兄、子等亲称却往往为学者所忽视,事实上“子”所祭祀的诸母、兄都没有为商王祖庚、祖甲所祭祀,武丁所祭祀的诸妇、兄、子,祖庚、祖甲所祭祀的诸父、母、兄也全都没有进入“子”家族的祀典,祭祀对象的差异如此之大,无疑表明“子”并非武丁之子。此外,花东卜辞的主人“子”常常单独为祖甲、祖乙、妣庚举行祭祀,这种祭祀颇类似于商王室以及其他贵族对近世直系祖先的特祭,表明这三位最重要的祖先都应为“子”的直系祖先,其中祖甲为祖乙之父,妣庚为祖乙之配,祖乙则是“子”的直系祖父,如此一来,花东“子”家族的世系就与王室不同,凡此种种皆说明“子”并非武丁亲子。

The research on the Zi’s family lineage relies on the study of ritual objects in Huadong oracle inscriptions.None of the mothers or brothers sacrificed by Zi 子,were sacrificed by Zugeng 祖庚 or Zujia 祖甲;none of the wives,brothers or sons sacrificed by Wuding 武丁,the fathers,mothers or brothers sacrificed by Zugeng and Zujia were sacrificed by Zi.The great difference in sacrificial objects undoubtedly showed that Zi was not the son of Wuding.Zi often held religious rites for Zujia,Zuyi 祖乙 and Bigeng 妣庚 exclusively,which showed that the three most important ancestors should be the direct ancestors of Zi.That way,Zi’s family lineage is different from the royal family.