摘要
针对中国丘陵山地玉米种植以小地块、坡地块较多制约玉米机械化收获的现状,设计了一款履带式坡地玉米收获机,实现山地丘陵地区复杂地形条件玉米机械化收获。该收获机采用横辊摘穗技术,解决了传统摘穗辊喂入性不流畅和复杂地形下玉米植株的喂入问题,提高割台的喂入量,有效缩短整机长度0.5~1.2m左右;并采用可伸缩式履带行走底盘,通过调整履带轮距增大整机重力变化的安全范围,降低坡地作业机器侧翻风险,使整机在复杂地形条件下的行驶稳定性提高了27.34%;基于液压控制原理研制了双向作业操控系统,实现在山地丘陵等小地块条件下的转弯掉头作业功能;通过正交试验确定果穗损失率考核指标的影响因素,包括机具前进速度、摘穗辊间隙、摘穗辊转速;利用Design-expert建立各影响因素与指标间的数学回归模型,确定了最佳参数组合:机具前进速度为2 km/h、摘穗辊间隙为14 mm、摘穗辊转速为1000r/min;在该最优参数组合工况下,果穗损失率为1.25%。该机设计各项指标符合国家相关标准,能够满足丘陵山地地区玉米机械化收获需求。
In view of the fact that small plots and more slope plots restrict corn mechanized harvesting in hilly region of China,a crawler corn harvester was designed to realize corn mechanized harvesting under complex terrain conditions in hilly region.In order to ensure the ear-catching rate,the key parameters were designed and the optimal parameters combination was obtained that the diameter of the ear picking roller is 82 mm,the height of the spiral ridge on the surface of the ear picking roller is 8-15 mm,the length of the long ear picking roller is 50-60 cm,and the spiral angle of the ear picking roller is 20.79°.It can solve the feeding problems of corn plant in the complex terrain and the unsmooth feeding performance of traditional ear-picking roller,increase the feeding amount of header,and effectively shorten the length of the whole machine by about 0.5-1.2 m.Through structure simplification and mechanical analysis,it was concluded that the turnover of corn harvester working on the slope is related to the gravity position and the track span,and the turnover angle becomes smaller with the increase of the center of gravity of the equipment,that is,the turnover risk is greater when working on the slope ground.Therefore,adjusting the width between the two tracks can increase the safety range of gravity variation of the whole machine,reduce the rollover risk of the machine working on the slope.The running stability of the whole machine in the complex terrain conditions can be improved by 27.34%when the width between the two tracks expands with 0.8 m.The hydraulic system of 10 t engineering vehicle was used to solve the problem of driving load in slope operation and the resistance in harvesting operation,which will directly affect the function of the whole machine in the field,such as walking,overtaking and steering.Based on the principle of hydraulic control,a two-way operation control system was developed,which can meet the turning and turning requirements in small plots such as mountains and hills,and improve the turning efficiency of the whole machine by more than 90%.Zhengdan 958 maize cultivars with grain moisture content of 33.5%,stem moisture content of>89%and fruit stalk moisture content of>52%were selected to test ear loss rate.The assessment indices of influencing factors of ear loss rate were determined by orthogonal test,including machine forward speed,ear picking roller clearance and ear picking roller speed.The mathematical regression model between the influencing factors and indicators was established by using Design Expert,and through the analysis of variance to verify the significance of the assessment indicators,the best combination of operation parameters was determined that the forward speed of the machine is 2 km/h,the clearance of the ear picking roller is 14 mm,and the speed of the ear picking roller is 1000 r/min.Under the optimal combination of the operation parameters,the ear loss rate was 1.25%.The design indicators of the machine can meet the relevant national standards,and can satisfy the needs of corn mechanized harvesting in hilly and mountains region.
作者
耿端阳
孙延成
李华彪
牟孝栋
张国栋
王宗源
鹿秀凤
Geng Duanyang;Sun Yancheng;Li Huabiao;Mou Xiaodong;Zhang Guodong;Wang Zongyuan;Lu Xiufeng(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shangdong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shandong Polytechnic College,Jining 272000,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第13期11-19,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019XM001)
山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2017YF004)。
关键词
玉米
收获机
丘陵山地
横辊割台
防侧翻
双向操作
corn
harvester
hilly and mountains region
transverse roll header
anti rollover structure
two-way operation