“政治人”与历史——论波考克的公民共和主义

Homo Politicus and History:On Pocock's Civil Republicanism

本文拟从波考克《马基雅维利时刻》一书的主题“政治人”理念及其历史书写入手,对波考克的公民共和主义进行一番批判性考察。为此,本文的写作结构如下:首先,从“公民共和主义”的历史主义语境入手,揭示出波考克史学背后的现代历史意识具有一种理论化的形态,阐释其内在逻辑;其次,着重探讨波考克与阿伦特对于时间性和行动概念的理解的一致性,最终追溯到海德格尔的生存论哲学基底,揭示出一种生存论化的激进历史主义如何影响了波考克的政治史学;最后,以“航船之喻”为载体,比较柏拉图与波考克对于政治本身的理解,以此剖析公民共和主义的政治人理念究竟存在怎样的根本困难。

The thesis of this study begins with the topic of J.G.A.Pocoek’s The Machiavellian Moment,which is the idea of homo politicus and its historiography,thus criticizing Pocock’s doctrine of Civil Republicanism.For this purpose,here is the structure:First,I'll enter the context of Civil Republicanism,which is historicism.and expose the theoreetieal implications of modem historical conscious behind Pocock's historiography.Secondly,I’ll stress on the conceptual kinship about the understanding of temporality and praxis between Pocock and Arendt.both of whom can be traced back to Hedeiggerian existentialism,so that we’ll see how an existentialized radical his­toricism influenced Pocock's political history.Finally,I’ll take the image of"Sailling Ship"shared by Plato and Pocock,and compare their different in­terpretations of politics as such,in order to expose the fundamental difficulties in the homo politicus idea of Civil Republicanism.