王阳明在“四句教”公案中的思想立场研究——以《〈大学〉问》为中心

On Wang Yangming’s Standpoints in the Case of “four precepts”

在由钱德洪与王畿的争论所引出的阳明“四句教”公案中,阳明本人的思想态度一直是模糊的。而“四句教”的实质内容源自儒家经典《大学》中的工夫次第。因此,用王阳明《〈大学〉问》一文为对照,研究“四句教”公案中的阳明本人的真正思想立场是合适的。从《〈大学〉问》的角度来看,阳明的基本立场偏向王畿“四无说”,对于钱德洪的批判出于其心学自身的基本立场。而他对“四句教”公案表面上的模糊态度,显然有顾虑正统程朱理学的考虑。

Wang Yangming has not a clear standpoint in the case of“four precepts”which is resulted from an argument between Qian Dehong and Wang Ji.In fact,“four precepts”springs from a sequence of Gongfu in The Great Learning.Therefore,compare with Wang Yangming’s the question of The Great Learning,it is helpful to understand Wang Yangming’s real standpoints in the case of“four precepts”.According to the question of The Great Learn­ing,Wang Yangming’s standpoint is Wang Ji’s“four nothing theory”and his critiques to Qian Dehong base on his fundamental idealism.And his obscure standpoint in the case of“four precepts”is an self-protection to avoid to be against the dogmas of Chen and Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism.